Pinpointing Problems

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Pinpointing Problems

• Pedestrian Crash Data Analysis

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Acknowledgments

• New Mexico Pedestrian Safety Project
• University of New Mexico, Emergency Medicine
• New Mexico Department of Transportation
• UNM, Division of Government Research
• NM Office of the Medical Investigator
• Albuquerque Area Indian Health Service
• Middle Rio Grande Council of Governments
• Federal Highway Administration

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Goals of Crash Analysis

• Injury surveillance
• Intervention design
• Define groups at-risk
• Describe crash contributing factors
• Tailor fit countermeasures
• Engineering, Education, Enforcement,
  Encouragement
• Multi-modal road design
• Evaluation

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Data Sources

• LOCAL
• Police Records
• Vital Records
• EMS
• Public Works
• NATIONAL
• FARS
• NASS/GES
• CDC Wisqars

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Probabilistic Linkage

• Tracking people through the system
• Matching people in different data sets using
  personal identifiers
• Name, SSN, DOB, Date of Incident
• High dollar matching software
• CDC Tumor Registry, LinkSolve
• NHTSA CODES Project
• Injury Prevention, June 2004

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CASE STUDIES
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Injury Surveillance
R2 0.709
Rates based on BBER Population Estimates
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Rates, Risk, and Exposure

• Population based age adjusted injury and
  mortality rates
• Relative risk
• Population not a great measure of exposure
• Pedestrian volume, traffic volume, risk
• Alcohol involvement

Graph from Presseur et al., Injury Prevention,
2003
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Urban Pedestrian Crashes

• Alcohol part pf the problem
• Difference between alcohol and non-alcohol
  involved crashes
• FHWA PBCAT Tool used to characterize crash types
• Liquor outlet density
• Transient or Homeless Populations at greater
  risk

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Risk Groups
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PBCAT Crash Types
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Rural Highway Crashes

• Alcohol is the problem
• Periodic crashes
• Highway used as path for pedestrians

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Crash Characteristics

• URBAN
• 1 to 2 Lanes of Travel - 59.2
• 3 Lanes of Travel - 40.8
• Undivided Roadway - 38.8
• Median (No Barrier) - 41.7
• Median (Barrier) - 19.4
• Daytime Crash 44.7
• Alcohol Involvement 50.1
• Interstate/Highway 6.2

• RURAL
• 1 to 2 Lane of Travel - 87.0
• 3 Lanes of Travel - 13.0
• Undivided Roadway - 69.2
• Median (No Barrier) - 29.2
• Median (Barrier) - 1.6
• Nightime Crash 77.0
• Alcohol Involvement 85.4
• Interstate/Highway 78.3

p lt .05 p lt .0001
Source FARS Data
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Injury Reduction Strategies Rural Highways

• ENGINEERING
• Lighting at segments with high concentrations of
  crashes
• Division of highway lanes of travel with barriers
• Increase roadways to four lanes or more
• Off Highway pedestrian paths
• ENFORCEMENT
• Liquor server enforcement
• Enforce No Pedestrians on Highway laws
• Detoxification Act of 1978
• EDUCATION

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Gallup Pedestrian Safety Intervention Efforts
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Walking Audit

• On-ground review of pedestrian facilities
• Truthing mapped hot-spots
• Brings together community, decision makers, law
  enforcement, traffic engineers
• Walkability Checklist
• ADA focus
• Behavior undercurrents

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Future Directions

• Pedestrian Fatality Death Review Team
• Alcohol and the pedestrian
• SBIRT
• Neighborhood Traffic Management Program
• Safe Routes to School
• PEDSAFE

For More Information Jonathon LaValley UNM,
Emergency Medicine [phone] Email
jlavalley_at_salud.unm.edu