Judaism

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Judaism
First monotheistic major world religion
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Judaism

• There are about 15 million Jews in the world
• 6 million live in Israel
• 5 million live in the U.S.

Israel
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The Kingdom of Israel. The first unified Jewish
state in Palestine emerged around 980 b.c.e.
under King David. He united the tribes of Israel
during a period of decline among their more
powerful neighborsEgypt and the Hittites. After
the death of his son Solomon (926 b.c.e.), tribal
rivalries divided the empire into the kingdoms of
Judah and Israel, but the sense of cultural unity
survived.
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Early Jewish Timeline

• 980 BCE first unified Jewish state
• 926 BCE divided into Judea and Israel
• 4 BCE Judea came under direct Roman rule
• 66 CE Jewish Revolt in Rome
• 70 CE Rome destroyed the temple in Jerusalem
• 135 CE Rome expelled the Jews from Judea
  resulting in the Diaspora

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The Jewish diaspora. Following the Jewish Revolt
in 66 c.e., the Roman destruction of the temple
in Jerusalem in 70, and the defeat of the
Bar-Cochba revolt in 135, the Roman government
expelled the Jews from Judaea. These migrations
spread Judaism north into Mesopotamia and
Anatolia, followed trade routes throughout the
Mediterranean and the Red Sea, and eventually
resulted in Jewish communities being established
as far afield as northwest Europe and Ethiopia.
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Who Practiced It?

• Hebrews
• God chose the Hebrews
• Holy book is the Torah
• First five books of the Hebrew BibleTaNaKh (Old
  Testament)

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The Covenant

• Promise between Abraham and God,
• God promises to protect Abraham and his
  descendants, Abraham promises to worship only God
• Humans must honor and serve God by following Laws
  of Moses, promote ethics and maintain Jewish
• identity
• Goal to reach paradise with divine help

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Essential Beliefs

• A single, caring God
• A community rooted in divinely chosen family
• A specific promised geographical homeland
• Religious practices and societal customs

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Judaism
Islam
Christianity
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Christianity and Islam

• both trace their roots back to Judaism and the
  Jewish prophets.

Moses
Abraham
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Abraham

• Founder of Judaism
•  Lived about 2000 BC
•  Moved from Mesopotamia to Canaan (Israel)
•  Considered a Prophet by Jews, Christians, and
  Muslims

Abraham and Isaac , Rembrandt
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Moses

• Jews kept as slaves in Egypt (1300 BC )
• Moses leads Jews back to Canaan
• Moses receives written law (10 commandments)
  from Yahweh

Moses , Michaelangelo
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The Image of God

• Early concerns about humanity resulted in a flood
• Responded to evil with punishment
• YHWH accessible via prayer and dialogue

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The term diaspora is used to refer to

• A) the invasion of barbarians into the Roman
  Empire
• B) the dispersion or spread of Jews among
  Gentiles
• C) the spread of a disease which causes an
  epidemic
• D) another term for a large-scale disaster like
  the plague or an invasion

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The term diaspora is used to refer to

• A) the invasion of barbarians into the Roman
  Empire
• B) the dispersion or spread of Jews among
  Gentiles
• C) the spread of a disease which causes an
  epidemic
• D) another term for a large-scale disaster like
  the plague or an invasion