Information and Decision Support Systems - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 53
About This Presentation
Title:

Information and Decision Support Systems

Description:

Master Production Scheduling and Inventory Control ... collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices working to ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:73
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 54
Provided by: new462
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Information and Decision Support Systems


1
Information and Decision Support Systems
  • Chapter 10

2
Principles and Learning Objectives
  • Good decision-making and problem-solving skills
    are the key to developing effective information
    and decision support systems.
  • Define the stages of decision making.
  • Discuss the importance of implementation and
    monitoring in problem solving.

3
Principles and Learning Objectives
  • The management information system (MIS) must
    provide the right information to the right person
    in the right fashion at the right time.
  • Define the term MIS and clearly distinguish the
    difference between a TPS and an MIS.
  • Discuss information systems in the functional
    areas of business organizations.

4
Principles and Learning Objectives
  • Decision support systems (DSSs) are used when the
    problems are more unstructured.
  • List and discuss important characteristics of
    DSSs that give them the potential to be effective
    management support tools.
  • Identify and describe the basic components of a
    DSS.

5
Principles and Learning Objectives
  • Specialized support systems, such as group
    decision support systems (GDSSs) and executive
    support systems (ESSs), use the overall approach
    of a DSS in situations such as group and
    executive decision making.
  • State the goals of a GDSS and identify the
    characteristics that distinguish it from a DSS.
  • Identify the fundamental uses of an ESS and list
    the characteristics of such a system.

6
Decision Making and Problem Solving
7
Decision Making as a Component of Problem Solving
8
Programmed versus Nonprogrammed Decisions
  • Programmed decisions
  • Structured situations with well defined
    relationships
  • Quantifiable
  • Management information system
  • Easy to computerize
  • Nonprogrammed decisions
  • Rules and relationships not defined
  • Problem is not routine
  • Not easily quantifiable

9
Problem Solving Approaches
  • Optimization find the best solution
  • Satisficing find a good solution
  • Heuristics rules of thumb

10
Optimization, Satisficing, and Heuristic
Approaches
11
An Overview of Management Information Systems
12
Inputs to an MIS
13
Outputs of an MIS
14
Outputs of an MIS
15
Developing Effective Reports
16
Characteristics of an MIS
  • Fixed format, standard reports
  • Hard-copy or soft-copy reports
  • Uses internal data
  • User-developed reports
  • Users must request formal reports from IS
    department

17
Functional Aspects of the MIS
18
Functional Aspects of an MIS
19
Financial MIS
20
Manufacturing MIS
  • Design engineering
  • Process control
  • Computer-assisted manufacturing (CAM)
  • Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM)
  • Flexible manufacturing system
  • Quality control and testing

21
Overview of a Manufacturing MIS
22
Master Production Scheduling and Inventory Control
23
Quality Control and Testing
24
Marketing MIS
25
Product Pricing
26
Product Pricing
27
Human Resource MIS
28
Other MIS
  • Accounting management information systems
  • Geographic information systems (GIS)

29
Characteristics of Decision Support Systems
  • Handle large amounts of data from various sources
  • Provide report and presentation flexibility
  • Offer both textual and graphical orientation
  • Support drill down analysis

30
An Overview of Decision Support Systems
31
Characteristics of a DSS
  • Perform complex, sophisticated analysis
  • Optimization, satisficing, heuristics
  • Simulation
  • What-if analysis
  • Goal-seeking analysis

32
Characteristics of a DSS
33
Capabilities of a DSS
  • Support all problem-solving phases
  • Support different decision frequencies
  • Support different problem structures
  • Support various decision-making levels

34
Selected DSS Applications
35
Support for Various Decision-Making Levels
36
Comparison of DSSs and MISs
37
Comparison of DSSs and MISs
38
Components of a DSS
39
Components of a DSS
40
The Model Base
  • Financial models
  • Cash flow
  • Internal rate of return
  • Statistical analysis models
  • Summary statistics
  • Trend projections
  • Hypothesis testing
  • Graphical models
  • Project management models

41
The Model Base
42
Data-driven versus Model-driven DSS
  • Data-driven DSS - primarily performs qualitative
    analysis based on the companys databases
  • Model-driven DSS - primarily performs
    mathematical or quantitative analysis

43
Group Decision Support Systems
44
Group Decision Support System
45
Characteristics of a GDSS
  • Special design
  • Ease of use
  • Flexibility
  • Decision-making support
  • Anonymous input
  • Reduction of negative group behavior
  • Parallel communication
  • Automated record keeping

46
GDSS Alternatives
47
The Decision Room
48
Executive Support Systems
49
Executive Support Systems
50
Executive Support Systems (ESS) in Perspective
  • Tailored to individual executives
  • Easy to use
  • Drill down capabilities
  • Support need for external data
  • Can help when uncertainty is high
  • Future-oriented
  • Linked to value-added processes

51
Capabilities of an ESS
  • Support for defining an overall vision
  • Support for strategic planning
  • Support for strategic organizing staffing
  • Support for strategic control
  • Support for crisis management

52
Summary
  • Management information system - an integrated
    collection of people, procedures, databases, and
    devices that provide managers and decision-makers
    with information to help achieve organizational
    goals
  • Decision-making phase includes intelligence,
    design, and choice
  • Problem solving also includes implementation and
    monitoring
  • Decision approaches optimization, satisficing,
    and heuristic

53
Summary
  • Decision support system (DSS) - an organized
    collection of people, procedures, software,
    databases, and devices working to support
    managerial decision making
  • Group decision support system (GDSS) - also
    called a computerized collaborative work system,
    consists of most of the elements in a DSS, plus
    software needed to provide effective support in
    group decision-making settings
  • Executive support systems (ESSs) - specialized
    decision support systems designed to meet the
    needs of senior management
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com