G SO

1
???????????? ???G????? S????O?

• ?p?st?µ? t?? ?????f???a?-?p??es?e? ?????f???s??
  se ??f?a?? ?e??ß?????
• ?µ?µa ???e????µ?a?-??ß?????????µ?a?
• ????? ?a?ep?st?µ??
• 2003-2004

2
????µa ??e?t?????? ??µ?s?e?s???d?s???
Sa???t?? ?ap?d????

• ??G?S??
• ?a?ap?µp?? (Links-Citations)
• st? ??ad??t??
• ??e?a ??s?a??
• 
  ????? 2004

3
??sa???? (1/4)

• ? d?µ?s?e?s? ep?st?µ?????? ?????? st? web
  a????eta? ?e?µet????
• ???? ap? ??a e?at?µµ???? e?e???t??? ????a e??a?
  e?e??e?a p??sß?s?µa
• ??e? µ???d?? ?a? e?e?d??e?µ??e? ?p??es?e?
  a?a??t?s?? ?a? a???t?s??
• ????t?s?p?? e?????, ??????? ?a? ap?te?esµat???.

4
??sa???? (2/4)

• e?????a ?a? ta??t?ta pa?a???e? t??? e?e???t?? ?a
  d?µ?s?e???? ??e?t??????
• feedback ap? t??? ?????? ep?st?µ??e?
• p????? e?e???t?? ap?? t?p??et??? t?? e??as?e?
  t??? st?? p??s?p??? t??? ?st?se??da
• d?a??s?µa p???? born digital pe???d???, p???
  p???s?e? ß?se?? ded?µ????

5
??sa???? (3/4)

• ??e??a a????se citations se 119.124 e??as?e?
  s??ed???? (1990 -2000)
• t?µ?a t?? ep?st?µ?? t?? ?????f??????
• ????a st? web cited 4,5 f???? pe??ss?te??

6
??sa???? (4/4)

• p?????s? ?µes?, ap??s??pt? p?????s? ??????
• µ???p?t? s?s?et?sµ?? t??? µ?sa ap? t??
  references ?a? t?? citations
• s?µa?t??? ß?µata DOI, OpenURL, SFX
• CrossRef, Citeseer

7
?? ?????e? a?af??? (reference)

• s?µßat???? e?d?se??
• a?af???? (references) se ???a ????a
• a????? ????? p??? s???e???µ??? µ??f?t?p?
• t?t??, s????af?a, t?p? ?a? ?t?? d?µ?s?e?s?? ?a?
  e?d?t??? ????, ISSN
• ?p?????? ?a? st?? s?µßat???? ?a? st??
  ??e?t??????? d?µ?s?e?se??
• d?µ?s?e???ta? f?s??? µa?? µe t? ?????, ?pa?.
  ?p?µ???? de? µetaß?????ta? µe t? ?????.

8
?? ?????e? a?af??? (reference)

• S?µe?a ?p?????? p??t?pa, ?p?? p.?.
• 1. MLA (Modern Language Association Association)
• 2. WEAPAS (Web Extension to American
  Psychological Association Style)
• ??e? ?? ß?s? t? APA format (AmericanPsychological
  Association) µe ta path statements (1998)
• p??te??e? e?a??a?t??? t? ???s? URL (Uniform
  Resource Locator)

9
?? ?????e? ete??a?af??? (citation)

• Citations ??a ??a s???e???µ??? ????? e??a? ??
  a?af???? p?? ?????ta? ap? ???e?, µeta?e??ste?e?
  e??as?e? ?? p??? t? ????? a?t?. ?p?? ?a? ??
  references, ?ts? ?a? ?? citations, ?p?????? ?a?
  st?? s?µßat???? ?a? st?? ??e?t???????
  d?µ?s?e?se??.

10
?? ?????e? citation

• p??st??e?ta? citations p??? ??a ?????
  (p.?.???st???)
• Citationµ??? ßas??? st???e?a(t?t???, s????af?a?
  ??p) ? s?? ??t? pe??ss?te??, p.?. pe?????? ? ??a
  s?????.

11
S??s? reference-citation

• ???? ?a? a?t?st??f?

12
?? ?????e? co-citation

• s?et??? ????a (related documents) ?? p??? ??a
  a?????, ?sa pe??????? citations ?? p??? t?
  a?????.
• ? e??a? cited st? ?,
• ? e??a? cited ?a? st? G,
• ??te ?, G related documents t?? ?
• A e??a? co-cited ap? ? ?a? G.
• ? ?e?t?????a a?t? ???eta? co-citation.

13
?? ?????e? reference linking ? citation
linking

• H d?as??des? µeta?? ?????? st? web µ?s? t??
  references ? t?? citations ???eta? reference
  linking ? a????? citation linking
• ??a reference e??a? linkable ?ta? ?p???e? ??a
  t??????st?? a?t???af? ??p?? st? d??t??, t? ?p???
  µp??e? ?a ß?e?e? ?a? ?????µe p?? ?a t? ß???µe.
• G?a ?a µp????µe ?a t? ß???µe p??pe? ?a
  s???de?eta? ap? ??a? identifier, µ??ad??? ??a
  ???e ?e????st? ?????

14
???sd????st??

• P I I (Publisher Item Identifier)
• SICI code (Serial Item and Contribution
  Identifier) ?.a.
• S?µe?a DOI (Digital Object Identifier)
• s??e???e? ?a p??sd?????e? t? a?t??e?µe?? a??µ?
  ?a? a? a????e? ? ?d???t?t?? t?? ? t? status
• µp??e? ?a e?s?µat??e? st? URL
• e????? d??t? ??e? ap? t?? a??? s?ed?aste? µe t?
  d??at?t?ta a?t?

15
 ?? linking se ep?ped? ????sµ???? OpenURL ?a?
resolver SFX (1)

• link resolver link server d?a µ?s?? t?? ?p????
  ta µetaded?µ??a t?? ep???µ?t?? p???? µetaf????ta?
  p??? d??f??a ap??et???a, e?te ??a a???t?s?
  pe???????, e?te ??a a???t?s? p?????? ?e?µ????,
  e?te ??a a???t?s? related ?????? ??p.
• ???ß??µa sta d??a??µata ???s?? (licensed rights)
• ???ß??µa t?? ?at??????? a?t?t?p??

16
?? linking se ep?ped? ????sµ???? OpenURL ?a?
resolver SFX (2)

• OpenURL p??t?p? ??d???p???s?? µetaded?µ???? ?ste
  ?p??? link resolver ?a? a? ???s?µ?p??e?ta? se
  µ?a ?p??es?a p????f???s??, ?a ???eta? ? µetaf???
  t?? ?at?????a ??d???p???µ???? µetaded?µ????,
  ?ts? ?ste ?a ft??e? st?? ???st? t? ?at??????
  a?t???af? t?? ep???µ?t?? ??????
• ???ad? ? a?t???af? p?? ß??s?eta? st? d??? t??
  ap??et???? ? a?t???af? p?? ß??s?eta? se
  ap??et???? st? ?p??? ? ??ß??????? ??e? ?de?a
  p??sßas?? (licensed rights)

17
?? linking se ep?ped? ????sµ???? OpenURL ?a?
resolver SFX (3)

• SFX (Special eFfects) ??a te???????a OpenURL
  link resolver
• ep?t??pe? t?? pa???? e?e?d??e?µ???? ?p??es???,
  ?a? ??? µ??? t?? a???t?s? t?? p?????? ?e?µ????
• s?µa?t??? te????????? ep?te??µa, p?? s?µat?d?te?
  t? ??a ?e??? sta e??a?e?a p?????s?? ?a? a???t?s??
• a?apt?????e ap? t?? Van de Sompei, µ???? t??
  Digital Library Research Group t?? Cornell
  University

18
Citation analysis

• ?e????? ???? ??a ??a s????? te??????, ???st?? ap?
  pa??? st?? bibliometric studies
• ta ep?st?µ????? ????a ?a? ?? citations ?????ta?
  a?t??e?µe?? epe?e??as?a?
• e?????ta? stat?st??? s?µpe??sµata s?et??? µe t??
  ß?ß?????af?a, t??? s????afe??, ta ep?st?µ?????
  ped?a ??p.

19
Citation analysis

• ? a????s? ßas???ta? s?????? st?? citations
  ?????d?? ?????? s?µßat???? pe???d????.
• ?? ISI (Institute of Scientific Information)
  e?d?de? 3 citation indexes
• SCI (Science Citation Index),
• SSCI (Social Science Citation Index)
• AHCI (Arts and Humanities Citation Index)
• ?ata??????af??? ta p?? s?µa?t??? d?µ?s?e?µata
  pe???d???? a?? ep?st?µ????? ped??.

20
Citation analysis

• ?e?e?ta?a ?????a ??e? ???e? a?t???pt? ?t? ??
  citations e??a? ??a p??? ?a?? µ?t?? a???????s??
  t?? p???t?ta? t?? e??as??? ?a? ?at ep??tas? t??
  e?e???t?? 
• ?s? p?? p????? ?a? p??sfate? citations p??? ??a
  ?????, t?s? p?? p??a?? t? ????? a?t? ?a ??e?
  ß????se? s?µa?t??? st?? a??pt??? t?? ep?st?µ??
• p????? pa??µet???
• stat?st???? µ???d?? ??a t?? e?a???? s?µpe?asµ?t??

21
O ???a??sµ?? CrossRef

• ep?s?µ??, µ? ?e?d?s??p???? ???a??sµ?? ?at??es??,
  e???af?? ?a? d?a?e???s?? DOI? p?? s?st????e
  ap? pa?ap??? ap? 200 e?d?te?, µe s??p? ?a
  ap?te??se? t?? ???µ? t?? citation linking ??a ??a
  ta online ep?st?µ????? ????a
• ? e?d?t??-µ???? ?p?ß???e? ??a ???e ??a ?e????st?
  ????? p?? p???e?ta? ?a d?µ?s?e?e?
• ??a DOI
• µetaded?µ??a
• URL

22
O ???a??sµ?? CrossRef

• ? e?d?t??-µ???? d?µ?????e? µetaded?µ??a ??a ???e
  reference ?????
• ta µetaded?µ??a pe????? st? CrossRefs
  Reference Resolver System
• ???eta? a?t?st????s? t?? DOI µe ta DOI
  pa?a??te??? d?µ?s?e?µ?t??, ??t?? ?ste ?a
  ep?te???e? t? reference linking

23
O ???a??sµ?? CrossRef

• ? p??t?ß????a a?t? ??e? ?a?a?t???ste? ??
  ?a?µa,
• ???? t?? e????? t?? s??e??as?a? ?a? t??
  ap?te?esµat???t?t?? t??
• ?p?????? ??p??a µe???e?t?µata
• ?? e?d?te? ep?f??t????ta? p??? µe t??
  d?µ??????a t?? µetaded?µ????

24
? Citeseer

• ? Citeseer e??a? µ?a ??f?a?? ß?ß??????? p??
  d?µ?????????e ap? t? NEC Research Institute st?
  Princeton, ?a? ??e? s??p? ?a ße?t??se? t??
  d????s? ?a? t?? a??d?as? (feedback) t??
  ep?st?µ?????? ß?ß?????af?a? ?a? ?a ße?t??se? t??
  ?e?t???????t?ta, ???st???t?ta, d?a?es?µ?t?ta,
  ta??t?ta ?a? ?a µe??se? t? ??st??.

25
? Citeseer

•     ?as??eta? se ??a e?te??? a?t?µat? s?st?µa
  ?ata???????f?s?? citations, t? ACI (Autonomous
  Citation Indexing)
• ??µ?????e? a?t?µata ??a? citation index µe t?
  ???s? µa??µat???? µ??t????, p?? µp??e? ?a
  ???s?µ?p????e? ??a ß?ß?????af??? ??e??a ?a?
  a???????s?.

26
? Citeseer

• ?a???e? ta related documents ??a ??a ta ????a p??
  e??a? cited t?? ?????? p?? e??a?
  ?ata??????af?µ??a, ?a? ???e? citation analysis
• ?p?t??pe? t? browsing t?? ß?s?? ???s?µ?p????ta?
  citation links. ?p?st????e? d??ad? citation
  linking.
• ?a???e? t? citation context ??a ??e? t??
  citations
•  

27
? Citeseer

• ??asfa???e? a?t?µat? e??µ???s? ??a t?? ??e?
  citations p?? ?????ta? ?? p??? ta ????a t?? ß?s??
• ??t?p??e? ta s?et??? ????a (related documents)
  ?a? ta similar documents ???s?µ?p????ta? t??p???
  ßas?sµ????? st?? ?????? ???e?? st? citation
  context ?a? ?p?st????e? s??e?? e??µ???s? t??
  ß?s?? 24 ??e? t? 24???

28
? Citeseer

• ?a???e? t? p???e? ?e?µe?? ???? t??
  ?ata??????af?µ???? ?????? ?a? t?? citations.
  ?p?st????e? a?a??t?s? µe ???e?? ??e?d?? ? µe
  te?est?? Boole.
• ?a???e? tµ?µata t?? ?????? p?? pe??????? t??
  ???e?? ??e?d?? t?? query, a?t? ??a µ?a ?e????
  pe??????.
• ?p?t??pe? t?? ??????? p??sp??as? t?? e??????

29
? Citeseer

• ?a???e? a????s? t?? ??af?µ?t??
• ???s?µ?p??e? µ??a??? ?a? µetaµ??a??? a?a??t?s??
  ??a ?a e?t?p?se? ????a st? web

30
? Citeseer p?e??e?t?µata

• ?a µe?a??te?a p?e??e?t?µat? t?? e??a? ?t?
• de? apa?te? ?aµµ?a e??as?a ap? t?? p?e??? t??
  e?d?t? ? t?? s????af?a
• a?a??????e? citations p??? t? ?d?? paper se
  d?af??et??? µ??f?t?pa ?a? a?a??????e? e?te???
  a?t?µata t? context of citation, d??ad? t? tµ?µa
  t?? ?e?µ???? t?? citing ?????? st? ?p??? ???eta?
  ? a?af???

31
? Citeseer p?e??e?t?µata

• ??e? µ?a e?te??? a?t?µat?p???µ??? ?a? a?t???µ?
  ?e?t?????a µe µe??s? t?? ??st??? ?a? ??a d??aµ???
  d?ad?ast??? browsing
• ??e? ?? ?p??es?e? t?? pa?????ta? e?te??? d??e??
  ??a µ? eµp????? ???s?

32

• t????