Presentation by Silke Lode and Juliane Menke

1
From EMP to ENP the relations between EU and
the Mediterranean region

• The Mediterranean region
• Israel and Palestine

2
Outline

• The Barcelona Process and ENP
• Relations between the EU and Israel
• Relations between the EU and the Palestinian
  Authority

3
The Barcelona Process I

• EMP is general framework for relations between EU
  and Mediterranean neighbours
• Originally 12 partner states
• Algeria, Cyprus, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon,
  Malta,
• Morocco, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Palestinian
  Authority
• Cyprus and Malta acceded to EU
• Turkey and EU will open accession negotiations
• Libyas full integration into Barcelona process
  is under discussion

4
The Barcelona Process II

• 1995 Barcelona Declaration
• Three baskets
• Political and security issues
• Economic and financial issues
• Social and cultural issues
• EMP includes 39 policy areas

5
The Barcelona Process III

• Bilateral association agreements ?
  Euro-Mediterranean Free Trade Area in 2010
• More attention for the Mediterranean countries
  from MS without traditional links to the
  Mediterranean
• Financial provision 5,3 bn (2000-2006)
• Complex institutional structure

6
Institutions of the EMP
7
The Barcelona Process IV

• Shortcomings
• - Relative complexity
• - Limited visibility
• - Asymmetric partnership

8
The Barcelona Process V

• Challenges for the Euro-Mediterranean
  Partnership
• EU enlargement in 2004 and further accessions
• Instable situation in the Middle East
  (Israelian-Palestinian Conflict, Iraqi war)

9
From EMP to ENP Added value or just a new name?

• ENP abandons the principle of regionality and
  replaces it with differentiated bilateralism
• ENP is based on positive conditionality
• ENP is framed in terms of interests

10
Conclusions

• ENP complements the Barcelona Process
• ENP gives bilateral incentives
• Differentiated rather than multilateral
• Barcelona envisages trade integration, focusing
  on tariff issues, ENP offers economic
  integration, inclusion in networks etc.
• Changing principles

11
Israel, Westbank and Gaza
12
Westbank
13
Separation Wall
14
Basic facts

• Israel
• Population 6.5 mio.
• GDP (p.c.) 13 600
• GDP (growth) 4.3
• Unemployment 9.1

• Westbank and Gaza
• Population 3.2 mio. (est.)
• GDP (p.c.) lt 1000 US
• GDP (growth) - 25
• Unemployment gt30

15
EU - Israel

• EU is most important economic partner to Israel
• 1964 first trade agreement
• 1975 co-operation agreement
• 1994 Essen Declaration
• 1995 Barcelona Declaration, Association
  Agreement signed
• 1996 start of Israeli integration into ECs FRP
• 2000 Association Agreement enters into force
• 2004 Galileo, Action Plan

16
Israel Association Agreement

• FTA for industrial products, concessions for
  trade in agricultural products
• Political dialogue, respect for human rights,
  democracy
• Two new bodies
• - EU- Israel Association Council
• - EU- Israel Association Committee
• MEDA involvement in regional programmes

17
Israel Action Plan

• Allows for the possibility for Israel to
  participate progresssively in key aspects of EU
  policies and programmes (DG Relex)
• Adoption of parts of the Acquis communitaire to
  opening the EU internal market to Israel
• Other areas Middle East conflict,
  counter-terrorism, non-proliferation of WMD,
  human rights etc.

18
EU Palestinian Authority

• EU is most important donor to the PA
• 1971 first EU assisstance in the form of
  financial contribution to UNRWA
• 1980 Venice Declaration
• since 1986 preferential access for products from
  occupied territories
• 1993 signature Oslo accords
• 1995 Barcelona Declaration
• 1997 interim Association Agreement on trade and
  co-operation
• 2004 Action Plan

19
EU Financial support

• Financial assisstance programme of EU COM
• Programming of financial aid on annual basis
• Strong conditionality
• 1994 2002
• ca. 1 bn. in grants and loans
• 500 mio. to UNRWA
• ca. 2.5 bn. in bilateral aid
• Since 2002 Reform Support Instrument
• 2005 280 mio.

20
PA Action Plan

• Perspective Move beyond co-operation toward
  integration (DG Relex)
• Time frame 3-5 years
• Priorities many based on the ongoing reform
  processes (June 2002)

21
EU and Israeli-Palestinian Conflict

• 1980 Venice Declaration
• 1995 EMP initiated, facilitates regional
  dialogue.
• 1996 Miguel Moratinos is appointed the first EU
  Special Representative for the Middle East Peace
  Process
• 1999 Berlin Declaration the EU calls for the
  creation of a Palestinian State
• 2002 Seville Declaration explicit statement on
  EUs vision how to find a solution to the
  conflict
• 2003 Marc Otte becomes successor of Miguel
  Moratinos Roadmap is published
• Financial Support MEDA-initiative Middle East
  Peace Projects 88 Mio Euro since 1995 10 Mio
  Euro for other initiatives.

22
Discussion

• Different approach necessary for the
  Mediterranean countries because the have no
  accession perspective (Art. 49 EC Treaty)?
• How can further enlargement rounds effect the
  Barcelona Process? How would especially the
  accession of Turkey change the ENP?
• The ENP aims at supplementing the EMP to what
  extent can these two policies coexist?