Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

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Chapter 16

• Innate Immunity Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

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Nonspecific defenses of the host

• Skin and mucous membrane
• Physical factors
• Keratin

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Skin and mucous membrane

• Physical factors
• Keratin
• Lacrimal apparatus

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Skin and mucous membrane

• Physical factors
• Keratin
• Lacrimal apparatus
• Saliva
• Mucus
• Ciliary escalator

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Skin and mucous membranes

• Physical factors
• Keratin
• Lacrimal apparatus
• Saliva
• Mucus
• Flow of urine

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Skin and mucous membranes

• Physical factors
• Chemical factors
• Sebum
• Perspiration
• Lysozyme
• Gastric juice
• Vaginal secretions
• Urine

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Normal flora and nonspecific resistance

• Microbial antagonism
• Competitive exclusion

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Formed elements in blood

• Erythrocytes
• Platelets

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Formed elements in blood

• Leukocytes
• Granulocytes
• Neutrophils
• Basophils
• Eosinophils

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Formed elements in blood

• Leukocytes
• Granulocytes
• Agranulocytes
• Monocytes
• Macrophages
• Fixed
• Wandering
• Dendritic cells
• Lymphocytes
• Natural killer (NK) cells

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Mechanism of phagocytosis

• Chemotaxis
• Adherence
• Ingestion
• Digestion

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Microbial evasion of phagocytosis

• Inhibit adherence
• Produce toxins
• Escape from phagosome

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Inflammation

• Vasodilation and increased permeability of blood
  vessels
• Edema
• Histamine
• Kinins
• Prostaglandins
• Leukotrienes
• Cytokines
• Phagocyte migration and phagocytosis
• Tissue repair
• Fever

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Antimicrobial substances

• Complement system
• Components
• Pathways of activation
• Consequences

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Antimicrobial substances

• Complement system
• Interferons

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Antimicrobial substances

• Complement system
• Interferons
• Iron binding proteins
• Antimicrobial peptides