Support Tool All H Analyzer

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Support Tool All H Analyzer

• Ecosystem perspective promotes improved
  performance
• HSRG, WDFW, and tribal scientists developed
  decision support tool
• It integrates habitat, harvest, and hatchery
  information

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Management Goals for Hatchery Broodstocks
Genetic Integration vs. Segregation
Hatchery spawn
Natural spawn
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• Two types of hatchery programs
• 1. Genetically Segregated Broodstocks
• 2. Genetically Integrated Broodstocks
• Two primary purposes of hatchery fish
• Provide fish for harvest (most cases)
• 2. Natural spawning (some cases)

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Gene Flow Idealized Segregated Hatchery

• Wild
• Hatchery

2 environments, 2 populations
(100)
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Gene Flow Segregated Hatchery

• Wild
• Hatchery

Straying Risk
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Segregated Hatchery Programs Summary

• Segregated programs create a new,
  hatchery-adapted population distinct genetically
  from natural populations
• Hatchery fish may pose significant genetic and
  ecological risks to naturally spawning
  populations
• May be appropriate when
• Very low probability of hatchery fish spawning
  with natural populations
• Mitigation programs where spawning habitat no
  longer exists (e.g. mitigation for a hydro-dam)
• Where smolt release and adult recollection
  facilities are physically separated from natural
  spawning areas

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Gene Flow Idealized Integrated Hatchery

• Wild
• Hatchery

2 environments, 1 population
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Integrated Hatchery Programs

• Wild
• Hatchery

Wild fish in broodstock
Hatchery fish on spawning grounds

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Goal of integration Allow natural selection in
wild drives genetic fitness of the population.

• Two processes that generate a difference between
  hatchery and wild fish
• Random genetic drift
• Domestication selection in hatchery

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Minimum gene Flow Integrated Hatchery
Wild
(gt10)
Hatchery
(lt90)
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Fitness Optima in Two Environments
Hatchery optimum
Natural optimum
Trait phenotypic values
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Theory Behind Guidelines for Integrated Programs
(from model of Ford 2002)
Natural selection pulls an integrated population
in two directions
Integrated population
Equilibrium point is determined by balance
between hatchery-to-wild and wild-to-hatchery
gene flow rates
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Population Parameters

• HOS hatchery-origin spawners
• NOB natural-origin broodstock
• pHOS proportion of natural spawners composed of
  hatchery-origin adults (HORs)
• pNOB proportion of hatchery broodstock composed
  of natural-origin adults (NORs)

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Integrated Gene Flow Constraint

• Wild
• Hatchery

(1-pHOS)
(pHOS)
pNOB gt pHOS

(pNOB)
(1-pNOB)
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Integrated Hatchery Programs Summary

• Goal Natural selection in the wild drives the
  fitness of the population as a whole
• Integrated programs are intended to artificially
  increase the demographic abundance of a natural
  population gene pool
• Requires a self-sustaining natural population to
  provide fish for the broodstock
• May be most appropriate for hatchery programs
  with (a) conservation goals or (b) when the risks
  of natural spawning by HORs needs to be minimized

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Key Points Integrated/Segregated

• Must be able to ID hatchery- and natural-origin
  fish in broodstock and on spawning grounds
• Program sizes must be matched to productivity and
  capacity of natural environment
• Must be able to control numbers of hatchery fish
  spawning naturally
• Both strategies represent trade-offs

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All-H Analyzer
Thoughts on Using AHA

• Does not absolutely define effects of actions
• Provides hypotheses for interaction of Hs and
  population
• RME required to test hypotheses and adjust
  actions
• Helps think through integrated all-H strategy,
  but not an answer machine

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All H-Analyzer ModelKey Conclusions

• Healthy habitat is key to sustaining salmon
  populations.
• Marking of fish produced from hatcheries is
  essential to effectively operate and monitor
  hatchery programs.
• Mark-selective fisheries may be required to
  maximize economic and conservation benefits.
• Improving hatchery programs will require
  additional operating and capital funds.

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Why Use All-H Analyzer?

• Uses NOAA approved Watershed/Subbasin plans
  (Habitat), FMEPs (Harvest), and HGMPs (Hatchery)
  as data sources.
• Identifies how all the Hs interact to affect
  natural populations genetically in a transparent,
  scientifically defensible manner.
• Helps layout a series of strategies that can move
  us toward recovery and monitor our progress.

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Where is the AHA model being used?

• Staff have done simulations on hatchery programs
  in Puget Sound, Coast and Col. River.
• Efforts have focused on chinook programs in Puget
  Sound, but many other salmon programs around the
  state have been analyzed. Some steelhead programs
  analyzed as well.
• Currently working with co-managers to develop
  operational plans to be in place fall of 2005.
• Operational plans will be included in HGMPs and
  Recovery Plans submitted to NOAA in June 2005.