Neoplasia

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Neoplasia
2

• Incidence
• USA- 1.5 million/yr.
• World - 10million/yr.
• Rx response
• Usually expressed as 5 year survival rate
• Neoplasia? New growth
• Tumor ?swelling caused by inflammation
• Oncology? the study of tumors or neoplasias
• Cancer? all malignant tumors
• Latin crab
• Clonal ?single population of cells
• Nomenclature
• Neoplasms have two components
• Parenchyma neoplastic cells
• decides behavior Pathologic consequences
• Stroma Supportive ( connective tissue Vessels)
• Determines Growth Evolution
• Soft fleshy neoplasm? Scant stroma
• Desmoplasia abundant stroma ( collagen)

3
Neoplasia- Nomenclature Benign

• Mesenchymal
• Easy Cell origin oma
• Chondro Oma Chondroma
• Cartilage
• Fibro Oma Fibroma Fibroblast
• Lipo Oma Lipoma
• Fat/ lipocyte / adipocyte

• Epithelial
• Not easy
• Adenoma ? benign epithelial tumor derived from or
  present with glandular pattern
• Papilloma ? finger-like or warty projections from
  the epithelial surfaces (MC - skin)
• Polyp ? fist-like projection from mucosal
  epithelial surfaces( MC - colon)
• Cystadenomas forms large cystic mass (ovaries)
• Papillary cystadenoma papillary patterns that
  protrude into the cystic spaces (ovaries)

4
Benign -Epithelial
B
A
Which is fist and which one is finger like?
5
MesenchymalLeiomyoma
Benign
Epithelial Adenoma thyroid
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Malignant tumors
Mesenchymal Sarcoma
Epithelial Adenocarcinoma
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Carcinoma
Carcinoma in-situ
Squamous cell carcinoma
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Pleomorphic adenoma - Salivary gland
cartilage
Epithelial components
9
Teratoma
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Neoplasia- Nomenclature Malignant

• Mesenchymal
• Easy Sarcoma
• Greek fleshy ( little stroma)
• Chondro sarcoma Chondrosarcoma
• Cartilage
• Fibro sarcoma Fibrosarcoma
• Fibroblast
• Lipo sarcoma Liposarcoma
• Fat/ lipocyte / adipocyte
• Rhabdomyo sarcoma Rhabdomyosarcoma
• striated muscle

• Epithelial
• Not easy carcinoma (any germ layer)
• Adenocarcinoma? glandular growth pattern
• Squamous cell carcinoma? squamous cell
  differentiation
• specify organ of origin ?Renal cell
  adenocarcinoma, Bronchogenic
• Undifferentiated/ poorly differentiated ?Cant
  determine tissue of origin
• Mixed tumors ?Pleomorphic adenoma
• Divergent differentiation of a single germ line
  of parenchymal cells (salivary gland)
• Teratoma ? From Totipotential cells (gonads), gt
  one germ layer Dermoid cyst ? ovary

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Malignant tumors
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• Nomenclature contd..
• Epithelial Malignant
• Melanoma? Carcinoma of Melanocytes
• Seminoma? Testicular carcinoma (seminiferous
  tubules)
• Hepatoma? Hepatocellular carcinoma (Hepatocytes)
• Choriostoma ? Ectopic normal tissue
• (Adrenal tissue in kidney, Pancreatic rests in
  GIT)
• Hamartoma ? Mature native cells of organ but grow
  as disorganized mass (benign example Lisch
  nodules)