Next Generation Networks:

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Next Generation Networks Paradigm Shifts and
their Effects Source Rapporteur Q1/13 (Keith
Knightson)
Keith Knightson 1806 Lahey Court Kanata Ontario,
K2W 1B2 CANADA Tel [phone] E-mail
kgk_at_igs.net
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Abstract This presentation has two primary
objectives a) the formulation of a set of
paradigm(s) to represent the holistic effects and
major changes that will result from deployment
of NGN technologies b) identification the areas
that will be impacted by effects and impacts of
the NGN paradigm(s) on the telecommunications
environment (including telecommunications
industry and related infrastructures), and other
relevant issues.
The general challenges of converged networks to
technical policy will be discussed.
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Legacy Vertically-Integrated Networks
Pre-NGN
Telephone Services
Data Services (WWW, e-mail, etc)
Video Services (TV, movie, etc)
Telephone Services Network
Video Services Network
Data Services Network
Policy Area 1
Policy Area 2
Policy Area 3
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NGN Horizontally-Integrated Network
NGN - Convergence
Video Services (TV, movie, etc)
Data Services (WWW, e-mail, etc)
Telephone Services
Services
Point to point, Point to multipoint, Multipoint
to multipoint
Transport
Point to point, Point to multipoint, Multipoint
to multipoint
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Separation of Service from Network
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Re-distribution of Service Intelligence
Migration of Service Intelligence
Access Domain
Access Domain
User Domain
User Domain
Core Domain
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Impacts and Effects on Service Provision - 1
The separation facilitates the unbundling of
services and facilities (in both access and
core). Each vertical stratum of NGN has its
own horizontal architecture. The location of
service platforms is not restricted. Telecom
industry will bifurcate to reflect the new NGN
architecture. NGN architecture will facilitate
competition and innovation among service
providers. Service intelligence will migrate
to the edges.
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Impacts and Effects on Service Provision - 2
Telephone service will not follow the
traditional centrex, local or long distance
approaches. Policy frameworks designed for
vertically-integrated networks are not
transferable to a horizontally-integrated
NGN. In an NGN, two separate policy frameworks
are required one applicable to transport
networks, and another applicable to
content-based services.
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Internet is Basis for NGN?
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NGN Shape of things to come
(Any/All Applications e.g. voice , data , video)
Services
Anything Everything
Scope Of Internet
Internet Protocol (IP)
Transport
Everything
(Any All Network technologies)
Two Policy Domains
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Simplified Protocol Architecture
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Impacts and Effects of Internet as NGN - 1
IP will become the networking protocol of
choice. Frame Relay and ATM will diminish in
importance. Optical networks will be a key
component. The power and influence of ITU-T
will wane, unless operators act. Operational
and quality standards of networks may
decline. Whose standards will become the basis
for international agreements?
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Impacts and Effects of Internet as NGN - 2
Theoretically, NGN promotes competitive service
innovation. Broadband brings more speed, but
may restrict the users choice of services and
service providers. Users life will become
more complicated. Services need to be
unbundled from transport particularly in access
network. Policy vacuum exists for converged,
horizontally-integrated NGN. The technical
basis for policy must be separated from policy
itself.
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Broadband Equal Access Model
SP2
SP4
SP5
SP1
SP3
Access or Backbone
Access or Backbone
User1
User2
SP Service Provider
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Broadband Bottleneck Access Model
SP4
SP3
SP5
SP7
SP6
Backbone
Backbone
SP1
SP2
Access
Access
User5
User6
User1
User2
User3
User4
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Impacts and Effects on Broadband - 1
The separation facilitates the unbundling of
services and facilities. Access should
permit independent provision of terminal
equipment, user choice for service provision,
and use of multiple service providers. Polic
y recognition of two access frameworks Equal
Service Access Architecture, and Bottlenecked
Service Access Architecture. Mass migration
from dial-up access can be expected.
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Impacts and Effects on Broadband - 2
Standards need to be rationalized among access
systems such as DSL, cable wireless, etc. User
lock-in is a common issue, due to proprietary and
bundled systems. No technical reason why all
services (voice, data, video) cannot be supplied
over a single physical medium, i.e. integrated
services access. Policy may be key to
deployment of integrated services access and
choice/competition.
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Impacts and Effects on Telephone Service
Traditional PSTN telco models not transferable
to Internet. The telephone service needs to be
considered separately from the delivery systems
(in line with models for the gas, electricity,
railway sectors). Maintenance of traditional
telephone service functionality is an area for
concern. The Internet will become part of
telecommunications, and vice-versa. There is a
need for a requirements definition for telephone
service(s).
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Impacts and Effects on Telephone Service
Telecommunications should be regarded as a
generic term covering all forms of
communication. The role of the Internet in the
provision of telecommunications services needs to
be recognized. Policy designed for one kind of
vertically-integrated network will not be
transposable to another kind, and particularly
not to a converged NGN. No adequate technical
model exists for a converged NGN, which can be
used for consistent consideration of areas and
issues where policy might or might not be
required. A new technical framework is
required to identify technical areas for policy
consideration.
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What means what?
When we speak of Internet what exactly do we
mean? IP? DNS? NAS? E-mail? Web-sit
es? Voice Servers? When we speak of
Telecommunications what exactly do we
mean? PSTN, PSTN plus voice services? Cable-
TV systems? Ethernet?
Huge terminology problem No consistent basis for
policy determination
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Impacts and Effects on Policy - 1
Telecommunications should be regarded as a
generic term covering all forms of
communication. The role of the Internet in the
provision of telecommunications services needs to
be recognized. Policy designed for one kind of
vertically-integrated network will not be
transposable to another kind, and particularly
not to a converged NGN. No adequate technical
model exists for a converged NGN, which can be
used for consistent consideration of areas and
issues where policy might or might not be
required.
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Impacts and Effects on Policy - 2
A new technical framework is needed to deal
with the convergent environment provided by an
NGN to provide a consistent set of terms and
definitions, illustrate NGN
environment, identify areas and issues where
policy may be required, and Generally
illustrate the challenges of convergence.
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Impacts and Effects on Broadband - 1
Standards need to be rationalized among access
systems such as DSL, cable wireless, etc. User
lock-in is a common issue, due to proprietary and
bundled systems. No technical reason why all
services (voice, data, video) cannot be supplied
over a single physical medium, i.e. integrated
services access. Policy may be key to
deployment of integrated services access and
choice/competition.
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Possible Way Forward?
Content Services
T E L E C O M M U N I C A T I O N S
I N T E R N E T
E-mail
TV programming
Web-based services
Policy Domain 2
Movies
Radio programming
Telephony
Other
Network Connectivity Services
Wireline
Wireless
Policy Domain 1
Internet Transport
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Conclusions
Need for Tools to assist policy-makers to meet
the challenges of convergence and converged
networks. Tools to position technologies into
appropriate policy domains. Appropriate terms
and definitions. Why Things aint what they
used to be. Technology has overtaken
policy. A new overarching approach has to be
taken. Potential policy impacts of converged
networks have to be articulated. Not
about Policy itself, just the technical
underpinnings.
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Next Generation Networks The Challenges of
Convergence Supplementary Information
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Telephone Service(s)
Certain expectations/requirements wrt
PSTN 911 capabilities Lawful
interception Number portability Local/long
distance differentiation Good
QoS Reliability Calling/Called party
identification Disaster Relief Points of
Interconnection and standards Internet-based
Telephone Service (over cable, etc) ?
Service is separate from delivery system
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Radio/Video Service(s) Trends
Internet-based Radio programming
Internet-based TV programming Broadcast is a
technical mechanism not a content
service. Programming is content
Again Service is separate from delivery system
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Terminology Examples - 1
US FCC - Policy Paper no. 36 Basic Service
networks - no network processing (i.e telephony
technology). Enhanced Service networks -
network processing (i.e. packet technology) with
PSTN access model, and viewed as Enhanced over
Basic. Telephony over IP becomes Basic over
Enhanced! Definitions of Basic and Enhanced
Services conflict with Voice Services over IP,
and with Broadband Access.
Flawed technical framework Flawed Policy
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Terminology Examples - 2
EU Green Paper on Convergence
Policies cannot be assumed to be 11
transposable from one vertical network to
another, nor to a single network. EU Directive
21 New definitions being proposed Electronic
Communications Network (ECN) Electronic
Communications Service (ECS)
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Typical questions to be answered - 1
What constitutes a public telephone
service? Is the telephone service tied to the
PSTN? Should the telephone service have a set
of defined minimum requirements/characteristics
(and what should they be)? Should telephone
services be categorized, i.e. Minimum, Basic,
Supplementary, Enhanced, etc? Is the Internet a
public service? What effect does separation of
services and network have on policy? If
services and transport are to be technically
separated, should policies also be so
separated? What is the technical scope and
extent of telecommunications?
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Typical questions to be answered - 2
Is there a distinction between the Internet a
telecommunications network? If so what? What is
the meaning universal service in the context of a
converged NGN? What services are deemed
essential in the context of a converged NGN? Do
the following technical provisions apply equally
well to NGNs Emergency services (data, voice,
or both)? Disaster Relief capabilities (data,
voice, or both)? Lawful interception (data,
voice, or both)? How would national numbering
be affected by Internet Telephony
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Typical questions to be answered - 3
How would national numbering be affected by
Internet Telephony What is the technical
scope of E.164 numbers? User issues (number
portability from PSTN to Internet)? Allocation
issues (e.g. telco versus ISPs)? Rights and
ownership of numbers?