B4 a-d Pig (H)

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B4 a-d Pig (H)
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• What is the job of air spaces?

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• Allow gases to diffuse from palisade cell to
  air/air to palisade cell

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• List 3 adaptations of a leaf for efficient
  photosynthesis

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• Broad (large surface area)
• This (short diffusion distance)
• Palisade cells have many chloroplasts (containing
  chlorophyll)
• Veins bring water/remove sugar
• Stomata allow carbon dioxide in/oxygen out
• Transparent epidermis
• Palisade cells near top of leaf
• Air spaces
• Large surface area to volume ratio

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• What is osmosis

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• Diffusion of water from a high water
  concentration to a low water concentration across
  a partially permeable membrane

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• What will happen to a red blood cell if you
  inject pure water into your veins?

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• Water will enter the cell by osmosis until it
  bursts

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• Explain the importance of osmosis in plant support

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• Water enters cells by osmosis
• Increased volume of water inside vacuole pushes
  out against cell wall
• Cells are turgid (stiff)
• Turgid cells support plant

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• What is the job of tube Z?

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• Transporting sugars around the plant

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• What is this device called and what is it for?

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• Potometer
• Measuring water uptake (allow transpiration) in a
  plant

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• Why does increasing the wind speed increase the
  rate of transpiration?

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• Water vapour is removed from outside the stomata
• Increased the concentration gradient between air
  space and air
• Faster diffusion

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• List 2 ways desert plants are adapted to reduce
  water loss

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• Extra thick waxy cuticle
• Few stomata/stomata often closed
• Stomata in pits/surrounded by hairs
• Small leaves (reduced surface areas)

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• HOW do stomata close at night?

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• Photosynthesis stops
• Glucose used up by respiration
• Water concentration in guard cell increases
• Water leaves guard cell by osmosis
• Guard cell becomes flaccid and changes shape
• Stomata closes

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• Why does a plant need magnesium?

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• To make chlorophyll (for photosynthesis)

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• What will a plant look like if it is grown with
  very little nitrate?

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• small

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• How do minerals enter a root hair?

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• Active transport

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• How is active transport different from diffusion?

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• Moves substances from low to high concentration
• Requires energy