PROSPECT OF MUNICIPAL WASTE MANAGEMENT THROUGH CDM PROJECT IN INDONESIA

1
PROSPECT OF MUNICIPAL WASTE MANAGEMENT THROUGH
CDM PROJECT IN INDONESIA

• By
• Masnellyarti Hilman
• Deputy Minister for Nature Conservation
  Enhancement and Environmental Destruction Control

2
Scheme of Municipal Waste Managementin Indonesia
Increasing of Consumption of Natural Resources
and Material
Population Increase
Increasing of using packaging, such as paper,
plastic bottles, plastic bags, cans, etc
Environmental Pollution
Facility and Infrastructure are not feasible
Domestic Waste Increase (2 4 per year)
HOW TO SOLVE THIS PROBLEMS ?
3
Existing Condition of Municipal Waste Management
in Indonesia

• National Regulation regarding to Municipal Waste
  Management still has not been set up
• Local Regulation regarding to Municipal Waste
  Management mostly still has not been set up too
• Technical Guidance to manage municipal waste is
  still not being implemented well

4
Solid Waste Problems in Indonesia

• Inconsistency policy in handling municipal waste
• Mostly city has not a consistent master plan for
  managing solid waste, because management for
  municipal waste is only a temporary planning
• Municipal waste is still not become an important
  priority in local government policy

5
Solid Waste Problems in Indonesia (continue)

• Limited budget for handling municipal waste,
  which cause
• Limited investment for sanitary facility
• Limited operational and maintenance cost for
  sanitary facility
• Difficulty in increasing quality and quantity in
  sanitary services
• Local government can not develop a proper final
  disposal that care about sanitary and
  environment aspect.
• The final disposal which is not sanitary landfill
  could produce leachate that cause water
  pollution and also smoke and smell that cause
  air emission

6
The Existing Condition of Final Municipal Waste
Disposal Area in Indonesia

• Condition of many final municipal waste
  management center is still not being constructing
  and operating regardless the environmental
  issues
• There is no sorting mechanism in managing
  municipal waste in Indonesia

7
Managing Municipal Waste in Indonesia

• Directly brought to the Final Disposal Area (TPA)
  40.09
• Landfilling 7.54
• Treating (Composting and Recovery) 1.61
• Incinerated 35.49
• Others (Throwing to the environment) 15.27
• Source BPS-2001

8
Types of Final Disposal Area (TPA)in Indonesia

• Sanitary Landfill
• note Bantar Gebang, Jakarta (not operated
  optimally)
• Control Landfill
• note 10 TPA in metropolitan and big city (not
  operated optimally)
• Open Dumping
• note almost in all Indonesian cities
• Last identified by MoE in year 2004, there are 62
  TPA classified as Open Dumping and only 1 is
  Control Landfill (Bantar Gebang)

9
Government Efforts

• Monitoring and evaluating environmental
  institution performance based on municipal/solid
  waste management, green area and water pollution
  control aspects and also based on criteria and
  indicator have been accepted
• Increasing Stakeholdes capacity building in
  environmental management through training and
  workshop for local government, NGOs, community
  leader and university.
• Supporting working group among the local
  government in environemntal management
• Developing ADIPURA Program especially for
  information sytem in Bali and Nusa Tenggara and
  also geographyc aplication information system in
  Sumatera
• Developing community complaining system
• Building Pilot project for domestic waste
  management by implementing 4R method

10
ADIPURA PROGRAM

• ADIPURA program is a voluntary program designed
  by the Ministry of Environment to
  encourage local government being good
  environmental governance to create clean and
  green city.
• Scope of work is still focusing on city
  (province) area but at last it will cover all the
  districs area.
• Program ADIPURA structure criteria is using two
  indicators which are physic indicator and
  non-physic indocator. Physic indicator is a
  reflection of citys infrasturucture condition
  (such as housing, river, beach) that related
  with clean and green city issue. And non-physic
  indicator is an indicator of the environmental
  management.

11
Roles of Private Sector

• Private sector participation in managing
  municipal waste is still very little. Only Bantar
  Gebang has been managed by private sector PT.
  Patriot Bangkit Bekasi.
• We need more industry contribution for 3R issues
  (Recycling, Reduction and Recovery) in waste
  management
• How to convince private sector that managing
  waste is having economic value

12
Roles of Community

• The community participation right now is not
  optimum so it needs an effot to become more
  systematic and synergy participation regarding
  with waste managemet institution to gain a
  harmonize relationship.
• Socialization mechanism is needed to educate
  people in managing their waste in a good way.
• How to create public awareness for Indonesia
  people
• Incentive for public who has participated in
  reducing their household waste

Roles of International Institution
Supporting stackholders (private and public
sector) in increasing their bussiness
oppurtunity through well municipal waste
management by giving grant or subsidy
13

National Criteria for Sustainable Development

• 1. Environmental sustainability by practicing
  natural resource conservation and diversification
• Maintain sustainability of local ecological
  functions
• Not exceeding the threshold of existing
  national, as well as local, environmental
  standards (not causing air, water and/or soil
  pollution)
• Maintaining genetic, species, and ecosystem
  biodiversity and not permitting any genetic
  pollution
• Complying with existing land use planning
• 2

14

2. Local community health and safety
3. Local community welfare (Not lowering local
communitys income)

• There are adequate measures to overcome the
  
• possible impact of lowered income of
  community
• members
• 5. Not lowering local public services

6. Local community participation in the project
7. Technology transfer (Not using experimental
or obsolete technologies and should Enhancing the
capacity and utilization of local technology)
15

• Waste to Energy through
• CDM Project
• Encourage energy diversification or conservation
  program
• Encourage clean energy or clean energy technology
  development
• Encourage preservation of environmental functions
• Utilization of Landfill Gas (Methane)
• Potential to reduce Green House Gas
• Reducing methane emission ? methane capture
• Landfill gas emissions impacts can be
  mitigated by
• collecting the gas from the landfill and
  burning it for
• use as a fuel source
• It could contribute to the improvement of the
• economy and sustainable development in
  Indonesia

16
Identified Waste-to-Energy Projects

• Waste-to-Energy (about 0.6 MT/year)
• PT. Bioenergi Surya Persada YCBI, Malang
• Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) to Energy 17,000
  T/Year
• PT. Bioenergi Surya Persada YCBI, Surabaya
• MSW to Energy 30,000 T/Year
• PT. Navigat Organik Energi Indonesia, Bali MSW
  to Energy 2 x 10 MW500,000 T/Year

17
DNA (Designated National Authority)

• Ministry Degree Number 206 year 2005 regarding
  the DNA for CDM
• Functions of the DNA
• Regulatory (mandatory)
• - Granting recommendation to CDM project
  proposals that
• pass Indonesias sustainable development
  criteria
• - Tracking and annual reporting to the UNFCCC
• Secretariat
• Promotional (optional)
• - Facilitating communications between investors
  and project proponents as well as other
  stakeholders
• - Facilitating capacity building for Indonesian
  institutions to be able to propose and implement
  CDM projects
• - Providing information on available CERs and/or
  CERs potential to potential buyers

18
Conclusions

• The amount of municpal waste per capacity is
  linear with population.
• In general, metropolitan and big city population
  produce more waste than middle and small city
  population.
• Local governments should increase their budget
  for managing municipal waste to achieve more
  clean city.

• By having sorting system in handling municipal
  waste,
• it reveals a big opportunity for producing
  composting
• and also for recovery plastic waste and paper
  waste
• with high quality and have marketable.

19
Conclusions (continue)

• Need to change government point of view in
  building Final Municipal Waste Disposal.
  Substitute open dumping to sanitary landfill. It
  is judicious to build regional sanitary landfill
  which then be operated and protected together
  among some cities/districts
• Landfill Gas Utilization could be one of the
  options to solve municipal waste management in
  Indonesia that concerning environmental aspect
  and has additional criteria. It also fulfill the
  criteria to become CDM Project.