Aquatic Organism Passage at RoadStream Crossings

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Aquatic Organism Passageat Road-Stream Crossings

• Joint Engineers Conference
• November 6, 2009

Presented by Jeremiah Theys, PE
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Outline

• AOP Background
• Design Approach
• Field data
• Stream design
• Structure design
• Case Studies
• Bridge
• Open Bottom Culvert

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Introduction

• What is AOP?
• Not just fish passage
• Aquatic communities
• Frogs
• Salamanders
• Insects
• Micro organisms

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Introduction

• Premise
• If the channel inside a culvert or under a
  bridge simulates the characteristics and function
  of the adjacent natural channel, it will present
  no more of an obstacle than the natural channel.

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Introduction

• Aquatic Organism Passage Objectives
• Provide for species passages

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Introduction

• Aquatic Organism Passage Objectives
• Provide for stream function and water quality

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Introduction

• Aquatic Organism Passage Objectives
• Maximize structure life while minimizing
  maintenance

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Typical Barriers

• Road networks with culvert crossings
• Undersized culverts
• Hydraulically
• Channel width/culvert width ratio
• High velocity
• Culvert slope
• Channel configuration
• Crossing located on nick points
• Channel type changes

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Design Team

• Biologist
• Geomorphologist
• Engineer
• Hydraulic
• Structural
• Geotechnical
• Contractor

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Design Approach

• Carry natural channel through replacement
  structure
• Initial Site Assessment
• Stream Survey
• Engineering Survey
• Design
• Construction Management

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Site Assessment

• Reference reach
• A template of the channel bed, banks, floodplain
  characteristics, and geomorphic processes along a
  stable, representative reach of the channel.

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Site Assessment

• Define channel type

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Stream Survey

• Cross sectional information

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Stream Survey

• Long profile

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Site Assessment

• Reference reach
• Bankfull widths and depths
• Channel gradient
• Instream features
• Information used to determine structure width,
  channel gradient, and channel characteristics in
  the replacement structure

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Engineer Survey

• Topographic map with all site features

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Channel Design

• Based on site assessment and survey, determine
  final design elements
• Channel restoration limits
• Channel/structure width and depth
• Channel/structure gradient
• Instream features

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Channel Design
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Channel Design
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Channel Design

• Instream structures
• Step pools
• Cross vanes
• J-hooks

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Structural Design

• Structure type
• Closed bottom structures
• Typically used on small channels
• Low gradient lt2
• Pipe-arch or concrete box culverts are most
  common

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Structural Design

• Structure type
• Open bottom structures
• Used widely
• Gradients lt6-8
• Steel arch culverts are most common

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Structural Design

• Structure type
• Bridges
• Used widely
• All channel gradients

• Steel, concrete and timber structures commonly
  used

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Hydraulic Design

• Verify hydraulic characteristics
• Typically modeled using HEC-RAS
• Structures as usually oversized and provide
  sufficient freeboard at the 100-year event

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Structural Design

• Foundations
• Bridges typically used grade beam or driven pile
• Open bottom culverts typically used footing
  w/stemwalls

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Structural Design
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Case Study Projects

• Savage Creek Culvert Replacements (Clearwater NF)
• New arch culvert on 359 Rd.
• New timber bridge on 360 Rd.
• Upper Main Red River Culvert Replacement (Nez
  Perce NF)
• New arch culvert on 1166 Rd.

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Savage Creek Arch Culvert

• Existing culvert 71 x 47 squash pipe
• Existing culvert deemed barrier to aquatic
  organism passage

Plunge-pool at outlet High velocities through
culvert Culvert width/channel width ratio 0.39
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Savage Creek Arch Culvert

• Site Characteristics
• Bankfull Width 15
• Rosgen C type channel
• Step-pool channel
• Design flows
• 2-Year 91 cfs
• 10-Year 156 cfs
• 100-Year 251 cfs
• Median grain size 3.5
• Channel slope 4.5 upstream
• 2.5 downstream

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Savage Creek Arch Culvert

• Field data
• (Geomorphologist and Engineer surveyed)
• Bankfull width
• Channel classification
• Site design criteria
• Road geometry
• Access
• Survey (topographic map)

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Savage Creek Arch Culvert

• Preliminary Design
• Channel width 15
• Structure width 18
• Structure alternatives
• Bridge
• Concrete culvert (open bottom)
• Metal arch pipe (open bottom)
• Vertical clearance ( 4)
• Hydraulics
• Velocities (4-6 fps _at_ bankfull)
• Freeboard (2 at 100-year event)

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Savage Creek Arch Culvert

• Final Design
• Steel structural-plate arch culvert 19 span x
  6-4 rise x 45
• Precast concrete footings w/ stemwalls
• Allows shaping of the channel prior to culvert
  installation
• Geocell used under footings
• Grade control structures (step pools)
• 6 step pools
• 1 rock weir
• Raise road 2.5

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Savage Creek Arch Culvert
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Savage Creek Arch Culvert
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Savage Creek Arch Culvert
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Savage Creek Arch Culvert
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Savage Creek Arch Culvert
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Savage Creek Arch Culvert
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Savage Creek Arch Culvert

• Constructed in 2006
• Construction Time 14 days
• Contract allowed 19 days no more than 2 weekends
• Engineers Estimate - 89,600

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Savage Creek Bridge

• Existing culvert 67 x 45 squash pipe
• Existing culvert deemed barrier to aquatic
  organism passage

• Plunge-pool at outlet
• High velocities through culvert
• Culvert width/channel width ratio 0.37

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Savage Creek Bridge

• Site Characteristics
• Bankfull Width 15
• Rosgen B type channel
• Design flows
• 2-Year 80 cfs
• 10-Year 135 cfs
• 100-Year 217 cfs
• Median grain size 3
• Channel slope 3 upstream
• 2.5 downstream

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Savage Creek Bridge

• Field data
• (Geomorphologist and Engineer surveyed)
• Bankfull width
• Channel classification
• Site design criteria
• Road geometry
• Access
• Survey (topographic map)

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Savage Creek Bridge

• Preliminary Design
• Channel width 15
• Structure alternatives
• Bridge (concrete and timber)
• Aesthetics
• Road alignments
• Hydraulics
• Velocities (4-6 fps _at_ bankfull)
• Freeboard (2 at 100-year event)

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Savage Creek Bridge
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Savage Creek Bridge
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Savage Creek Bridge

• Final Design
• 43 span x 17.5 wide timber bridge
• Skewed at 30o
• Timber deck and curbs
• Precast concrete grade beam foundation
• Road alignment
• Curve widening through bridge
• Shift alignment on curve
• Grade control structures (step pools)
• 4 step pools
• 1 rock weir

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Savage Creek Bridge
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Savage Creek Bridge
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Savage Creek Bridge
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Savage Creek Bridge
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Savage Creek Bridge
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Savage Creek Bridge
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Savage Creek Bridge
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Savage Creek Bridge

• Constructed in 2006
• Construction Time 17 days
• Contract allowed 19 days no more than 2 weekends
• Engineers Estimate - 100,600

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Upper Main Red River Arch Culvert

• Existing 6 corrugated metal culvert
• Existing culvert deemed barrier to aquatic
  organism passage

Plunge-pool at outlet High velocities through
culvert Culvert width/channel width ratio 0.54
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Upper Main Red River Arch Pipe

• Site Characteristics
• Bankfull Width 11
• Rosgen E type channel
• Design flows
• 2-Year 36 cfs, 100-Year 123 cfs
• Median grain size 2
• Design
• Channel width 11, Structure width 13
• Steel structural-plate arch culvert 13 span x
  4-1 rise x 40
• Fish rest stop rocks
• Precast concrete footings w/ stemwalls
• Allowed to close road for 3 weeks ATV detour

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Upper Main Red River Arch Pipe
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Upper Main Red River Arch Culvert
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Upper Main Red River Arch Culvert
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Upper Main Red River Arch Culvert
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Upper Main Red River Arch Culvert
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Upper Main Red River Arch Culvert
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Upper Main Red River Arch Culvert
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Upper Main Red River Arch Culvert
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Upper Main Red River Arch Culvert
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Upper Main Red River Arch Culvert
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Upper Main Red River Arch Culvert
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Upper Main Red River Arch Culvert
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Upper Main Red River Arch Culvert
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Upper Main Red River Arch Pipe
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Upper Main Red River Arch Culvert

• Constructed in 2007
• Construction Time 8 days
• Cost - 80,600

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Questions???

• Questions???
• Reference
• Stream Simulation An Ecological Approach to
  Providing Passage for Aquatic Organisms at
  Road-Stream Crossings
• http//www.stream.fs.fed.us/fishxing/