Biological Rhythms and Sleep

1
Biological Rhythms and Sleep

• Who needs sleep, no your never going to get
  itWho needs sleep, tell me whats that forWho
  needs sleep, be happy with what youre getting,
  theres a guy whos been awake since the second
  world war
• BNL

2
Circadian Rhythms

• Activity cycles
• Nocturnal
• Diurnal
• Free-running
• Phase shift
• Entrainment
• Zeitgeber
• Ultradian
• Infradian
• Circannual

3
Circadian Rhythms Biological Clock

• Drosophila
• Lateral bundle of neurons
• Mammals
• Suprachiasmatic nucleus

4
Circadian Rhythms Biological Clock

• Retinohypothalamic pathway
• melanopsin

5
Circadian RhythmsGenetics and Proteins

• cycle
• clock (circadian locomotor output cycles kaput)
• period (per)
• cryptochrome (cry)
• tau

6
Circadian RhythmsGenetics and Proteins
7
Disorders of Circadian Rhythms

• Advanced-sleep-phase syndrome
• Familial
• Delayed-sleep-phase syndrome
• Jet lag
• Reversed sleep-wake cycle

8
Why this should be a Good class time!
9
Sleep

• EEG
• Synchronous waves
• Desynchronized waves
• Types of Waves
• Alpha
• Beta
• Delta
• Theta

10
Sleep

• Sleep Cycle
• Stage 1
• Vertex spikes
• Stage 2
• Sleep spindles
• K-complexes
• Stage 3
• Delta waves
• Stage 4
• 50 delta waves
• REM
• Dreams

11
REM Sleep
12
Sleep
13
Sleep Brain Structures

• Basal Forebrain
• Slow wave sleep
• Reticular Formation
• Raphe Nucleus
• Serotonin
• Locus Coeruleus
• Norepinephrine
• SCN

14
Sleep Brain Structures

• Thalamic Nuclei
• Thalamocortical system
• Reticular thalamic nucleus
• Intralaminar nucleus
• Pons
• REM

15
Why do we sleep?

• Passive Theory
• Active Theory
• Restorative Theory
• Removal of waste
• Neurotransmitter Replacement
• Evolutionary Theory
• Energy conservation
• Predator avoidance

16
Sleep

• Evolution
• Larger vs. Smaller animals
• Marine mammals

17
Sleep Disorders

• Somnabulism
• Sleep walking
• Sleep enuresis
• Restless Legs Syndrome
• Insomnia
• Sleep apnea
• SIDS
• Narcolepsy
• REM sleep behavior disorder

18
(No Transcript)