Development and the Next Generation

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Development and the Next Generation

• World Development Report 2007
• October 2006

www.worldbank.org/wdr2007
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Outline

• Motivation
• A higher base on which to build human capital to
  grow and reduce poverty even more
• A large youth cohort is a potential demographic
  dividend
• Structure/Framework of the Report
• Challenges in the school to work transition in
  ECA
• Main Policy Messages

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Demographic Windows of Opportunity
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Outline

• Motivation
• Structure/Framework of the Report
• 5 Transitions
• 3 Policy Lenses
• Challenges in the school to work transition in
  ECA
• Main Policy Messages

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Human capital during 5 youth transitions key for
poverty reduction and growth
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3 types of questions asked of each transition
(youth lens on policy)
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Outline

• Motivation
• Structure/Framework of the Report
• Challenges in the school to work transition in
  ECA
• Inadequate preparation
• Difficulties in finding work
• Main Policy Messages

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Inadequate preparation
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Difficulties in finding work
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Outline

• Motivation
• Structure/Framework of the Report
• Challenges in the school to work transition in
  ECA
• Main Policy Messages
• Apply the youth lens Broadening Opportunities
  for learning and work

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Enhance Secondary and post Secondary Education
Expand Options

• Providing basic education for all
• Diversifying options while insuring quality
• Allowing for flexibility in the education system

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Enhance Secondary and post Secondary Education
Improving Relevance and Quality

• Reforming school curricula
• Strengthening the connection between school and
  work

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Broadening Opportunities in the labor market
Improving the investment climate
Slovenia (19922001)
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Broadening Opportunities in the labor market
Promote Mobility
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Most young people wish to migrate temporarily
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Make migration, especially temporary migration,
easier
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Outline

• Motivation
• Structure/Framework of the Report
• Challenges in the school to work transition in
  ECA
• Main Policy Messages
• Apply the youth lens Improve youth capacity to
  decide

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Decision-making What share of youth think they
have the most influence?
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Capable Decision-Making Information and
incentives

• Providing Information on opportunities for
  learning and work
• Providing financial incentives
• Skill development beyond school
• Promote Entrepreneurships

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Outline

• Motivation
• Structure/Framework of the Report
• Challenges in the school to work transition in
  ECA
• Main Policy Messages
• Apply the youth lens Provide a second chance

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Second-chances Recovering from poor outcomes

• The costs of not giving young people another
  chance to recover are high
• Effects are long-lasting
• Later recovery as adults is more costly

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Second-chances Recovering from poor outcomes

• Remedial education for those who are still in
  school,
• Equivalency programs for those out of school
• Job search assistance
• Job training to meet local labor market needs

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Second-chances Programs are more sustainable if
they

• Are well targeted
• Help youth reenter the mainstream
• Respond to local demand
• Promote competition among providers

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Outline

• Motivation
• Structure/Framework of the Report
• Challenges in the school to work transition in
  ECA
• Main Policy Messages
• Opportunity Invest more in human capital, but
  focus on quality and relevance to labor market
• Capability Improve the capacity of youth to
  decide among opportunities
• Second-chances Help young people recover from
  poor outcomes

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Moving Forward

• Coordination youth outcomes are improved
  multi-sectoral efforts but most policy is
  sectorally focused.
• Voice the constituency of youth is weak (which
  is why for this Report, we had extensive
  consultation)
• Evaluation many youth-specific initiatives are
  still new impact must be studied and here donors
  play a key role