The Wonderful World of Water

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The Wonderful World of Water
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POLLUTING THE WATER IS EASY!

• Polluting the water is unfortunately a very
  simple process. As the item goes down the drain
  it gets dumped into the waterways. That's how
  easy it is to pollute the earth's water.

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• Certain human-made items cause water pollution.
  These items include soaps, detergents, cleaning
  sprays and many other things.

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Why Should We Be Concerned About Water Pollution?

• Water pollution is something we should be
  concerned about because it's a form of pollution
  that is ruining many lakes, streams, rivers, and
  ponds. Water supplies are affected, and so are
  animals and people that rely on the water for
  drinking or living.

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• Water pollution doesn't just affect animals it
  affects our lives too. Water is something we
  drink, isn't it?

• When water is polluted it decreases the
  percentage of drinkable water and increases the
  number of water shortages.

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Water pollution in Latvia
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Content

• Water reserves
• Water consuption by economic sectors
• Eutrophication
• Water pollution in rivers
• Gulf of Riga
• International co-operation

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Water reserves

• Latvia has large reserves of both surface and
  ground water. According to various authors, the
  surface water resources are estimated to be about
  33-35 km3 yearly.

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• Latvia has abundant water resources of various
  quality. Freshwater resources many times exceed
  the present and expected future needs in water
  consumption.

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• Ground water is traditionally used in water
  supply both rurally and in cities.

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• The natural recharging of underground freshwater
  exceeds its abstraction, but problems arise in
  the uneven distribution of resources and
  consumers in Latvia.

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• Water consumption by economic sectors
• Water consumption has decreased since the
  beginning of the 1990's. A large drop in water
  consumption occurred in 1993 in industrial and
  agricultural sectors. It can be explained by a
  fall in industrial production, as well as by
  implementation of water consumption accounting
  which led to water-saving practices in industry
  and especially in households.

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Jelgava sugar mill

• Sugar beet is the one of popular crop cultivated
  in the region. In 2002, the region of Zemgale
  accounted for more than 95 of the total
  production of sugar beet in the country. In the
  last decade, the output volumes have doubled and
  Latvia is self-sufficient in sugar.

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Balticovo

• JSC 'Balticovo', widely known throughout the
  Baltic countries as a major egg producer, is
  situated in Zemgale region, where 49 of the
  total egg production in the country takes place.

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A/S Rigas piena kombinats is the largest
milk-processing enterprise in Latvia.

• Termic equipment

• Pack up of milk

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JSC Liepajas metalurgs manufactures low carbon
and low alloyed steel products, including
reinforcing bars, steel wire, nails and castings.
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Chemical water pollution
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Incukalns acid gudron ponds

• Incukalns acid gudron ponds were made from 1960
  year. Acid gudron is additional product of crude
  oil refining made by not recently existing
  factory in Riga that produced medical and
  pharmacy oils. Heavy oil from Grozny were
  purificated by sulfur acid. Factory transported
  acid gudron to Incukalns. The ponds are not
  isolated from air, they are very dangerous for
  birds and animals. And isolation from ground
  water is not suitable.

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• In Olaine situation is dangerous, too. In time of
  the Soviet Union the biggest chemical monsters
  Olainfarm and Biolar were important producers
  of chemicals for every branch of industry. Even
  every week production changed as well as
  by-products. There are different waste chemical
  in Olaine liquid waste deposit area. Chemical
  processes continued in ponds and it is not easy
  to find out kind of substances that located are
  there.

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OlainFarm

• Joint Stock Company OlainFarm is one of the
  biggest companies in the Baltic States with more
  then thirty years of experience in medications,
  active chemical ingredients and chemical
  substances manufacturing. 

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Biolars

• Olaine chemical plant "Biolars" today is an
  enterprise producing resins, food varnishes,
  solvents, paints.

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Eutrophication

• The term " eutrophication " describes conditions
  in a water body that develop with increased
  inputs of nutrients

• (nitrogen, phosphorus and silica compounds) which
  cause biological growth (algae development),
  accumulation of organic material and degradation
  of water quality.

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• Eutrophication of water bodies and degradation of
  water ecosystems are priority environmental
  problems in Latvia, regarding both inland and
  marine waters.

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The Daugava
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Total nitrogen discharge from point sources in
Daugava basin and mean yearly total nitrogen
concentrations in the lower Daugava, 1991 - 2000
Daugava
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Total phosphorus discharge from point sources
in the Daugava basin and yearly total phosphorus
concentrations in the lower Daugava, 1991-2000
Daugava
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The Lielupe
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Total nitrogen discharge from point sources in
the Lielupe basin and mean yearly total nitrogen
concentrations in the lower Lielupe, 1991 - 2000
Lielupe
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Total phosphorus discharge from point sources in
the Lielupe basin and mean yearly total
phosphorus concentrations in the lower Lielupe,
1991 - 2000
Lielupe
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Saprobiological quality of small rivers in the
Lielupe basin, 1998 - 2000
Lielupe
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Proportion of treated (according to standards)
waste waters in the Lielupe basin, 1991 - 2000
Lielupe
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The Venta
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Total nitrogen discharge from point sources in
the Venta basin and mean yearly total nitrogen
concentrations in the lower Venta, 1991 - 2000
Venta
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Total phosphorus discharge from point sources in
the Venta basin and mean yearly total phosphorus
concentrations in the lower Venta, 1991 - 2000
Venta
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Saprobiological quality of small rivers in the
Venta basin, 1998 - 2000
Venta
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The Gauja
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Total nitrogen discharge from point sources in
the Gauja basin and mean yearly total nitrogen
concentrations in the lower Gauja, 1991 - 2000
Gauja
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Total phosphorus discharge from point sources in
the Gauja and mean yearly total phosphorus
concentrations in the lower Gauja, 1991 - 2000
Gauja
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Saprobiological quality of small rivers in the
Gauja basin, 1998 - 2000
Gauja
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Proportion of treated (according to standards)
waste waters in the Gauja basin, 1991 - 2000
Gauja
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The Salaca
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Saprobiological quality of small rivers in the
Salaca basin, 1998 - 2000
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Proportion of treated (according to standards)
waste waters in the Salaca basin, 1991 - 2000
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Gulf of Riga
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Nitrate nitrogen concentrations in winter in the
Gulf of Riga, 1974-2000
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Phosphate phosphorus concentrations in winter in
the Gulf of Riga, 1973-2000
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Total nitrogen discharge from rivers to the
Baltic Sea and Gulf of Riga, 1991-2000
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Total phosphorus discharge from rivers on the
Baltic Sea and Gulf of Riga, 1991-2000
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• Only 44 of the annual water discharge from
  rivers is contributed from the territory of
  Latvia.

• The other 56 originates from Lithuania, Belarus
  and Russia, bringing with it pollution from other
  countries.

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Nitrogen discharge in Rivers from 1991-2000
Daugava
Lielupe
Venta
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Total phosphorus discharge from neighbouring
countries from 1991-2000
Daugava
Lielupe
Venta
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Latvia has agreed to participation in two
Conventions associated with transboundary
pollution

• 1992 Helsinki Convention On the Protection and
  Use of Transboundary Watercourses and
  International Lakes (since 1995).

• 1991 Espoo Convention On the Environmental Impact
  Assessment in a Transboundary Context (since
  1998).

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During the 1990's the government of Latvia signed
three international treaties

• Treaty on Co-operation between the Government of
  the Republic of Latvia and the Government of
  Belarus in the Field of Environmental Protection
  (1994).
• Treaty between the Ministry of Environmental
  Protection of the Republic of Latvia and the
  Ministry of the Environmental of the Republic of
  Lithuania on Environmental Management in the
  Lielupe River Basin (1995).
• Treaty between the Republic of Latvia, Republic
  of Estonia, and the Republic of Lithuania On
  Co-operation in the Field of Environmental
  Protection (1995).

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Bibliography

• http//enrin.grida.no/htmls/latvia/udeni/robezsk/r
  obezsk.htm
• http//www.epa.gov/ebtpages/water.html
• http//www.balticovo.lv/
• http//www.olainfarm.lv/
• http//www.biolars.lv
• http//www.videsprojekti.lv/lv/proj/projekti88/
• http//www.financenet.lv/
• www.vietas.lv
• www.novonews.lv

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The End

• Water pollution is a very serious threat to our
  future.
• It destroys environments and creates other
  problems for our planet.
• Sometimes people don't seem to care about what
  happens to the water or the environment. They
  only care about themselves.
• If water pollution doesn't stop, it may get
  worse. Its better not to pollute the water.

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• Made by students
• Vineta Liepina, Egija Ose
• Teacher Zane Krakovska
• October 2006