Ionic

1
Ionic Metallic Bonding Ch7

• Chemistry
• Mr. Perkins

2
Valence Electrons

• Electrons in the highest occupied energy level of
  an elements atom
• Determines chemical properties
• Used in formation of chemical bonds
• For Representative Elements (group A) number
  can be matched to group number
• Either gained or lost in forming ions
• Electron Dot Structures shows valence electrons
  as dots
• http//darkwing.uoregon.edu/ch111/L12.htm

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Octet Rule

• Atoms will react to achieve a full octet 8
  electrons in the outer energy level
• Atoms will either lose or gain electrons (form
  ions), or share electrons to become more stable
• Metals lose, Nonmetals gain

4
Why do atoms form ions?

• To achieve lowest possible energy
• Which means, to achieve a more stable electron
  configuration
• Which usually means, to achieve the same e-
  configuration as a noble gas

5
Stable Electron Configurations for Cations

• Sodiums Configuration
• Sodium Ion Configuration
• Neons Configuration
• Some ions are exceptions to the octet rule look
  at transition and heavy p-block metals

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Stable Configurations for Anions

• Chlorine atom
• Chloride ion
• Argons configuration

7
Write the symbol and charge of the ion that would
form from the following atoms.

• Fluorine
• Oxygen
• Lithium
• Calcium
• Sodium
• Aluminum
• Phosphorus
• Bromine

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Ionic Bonds

• Cation positive ions
• Anion negative ions
• Electrostatic attraction between opposite charges
  
• Ionic Bond
• Chemical bond formed by electrostatic attraction
  of ions

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Ionic Compound Formation

• Sodium Chloride
• Aluminum Bromide
• Smallest particle in an ionic compound is called
  a formula unit not a molecule
• Formula unit charge must be zero
• All compounds are electrically neutral
• Ionic Compounds are generally made from a metal
  and nonmetal
• They are commonly called Salts

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Properties of Ionic Compounds

• Electrolytes
• Crystal lattices / crystalline structure
• Brittle solids
• High melting and boiling points
• Coordination number
• of oppositely charged ions next to each ion
• NaCl Coordination number 6

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Metallic Bonds

• Free floating sea of valence electrons surround
  positively charged metal cations
• Properties of metals
• Good conductors of heat electricity
• Malleable
• Ductile
• Among the simplest crystalline solids

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Alloys

• Metals melted together/solid solutions
• Interstitial alloys in-between layers
• Substitutional alloys atoms of one metal
  replace atoms of another metal in crystalline
  structure
• Dental amalgams alloys of Hg, Ag, Zn
• Sterling Silver Ag, Cu
• Stainless Steel Fe, C, Cr, Ni