NEW PARADIGMS in Computer Supported Cooperative Work

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NEW PARADIGMS inComputer Supported Cooperative
Work

• THE HOLONIC ENTERPRISE Enabling Global
  Collaboration

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OVERVIEW

• 1. MODELING ORGANIZATIONS AS HOLONIC SYSTEMS
• 2. THE WEB-CENRIC PARADIGM - GLUE IN VIRTUAL
  ORGANIZATIONS
• 3. THE HOLONIC ENTEPRISE AS AN INFORMATION
  ECOSYSTEM
• 4. PATTERNS OF HOLOIC COLLABORATION

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MODELING ORGANIZATIONS AS HOLONIC SYSTEMS

• 1. HOLONIC SYSTEMS AS HOLARCHIES OF HOLONS
• 2. HOLARCHY KEYWORD MULTIRESOLUTION
• 3. HOLONS GREATEST CHALLENGE BALANCING AUTONOMY
  AND COOPERATION
• HOLARCHY AS ORGANIZATIONAL MODELS LEVELS OF
  ABSTRACTION

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HOLON AND HOLARCHY

• Arthur Koestler, The Ghost in the Machine, Arcana
  books, London, 1989.
• ? How do organisms function
• The organism is to be regarded as a
  multi-levelled hierarchy of semi-autonomous
  sub-wholes of a lower order, and so on.
  Sub-wholes on any level of the hierarchy are
  referred to as holons
• HOLON Greek holoswhole onpart (e.g.
  proton, neutron)

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HOLARCHY

• SELF-ORGANIZING SYSTEM OF HOLONS (Social,
  Biological)
• autonomous individuals, yet cooperating to form
  apparently self-organizing hierarchies of
  subsystems, such as the cell/tissue/organ/system
  hierarchy in biology

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HOLARCHY

• A system of holons which can cooperate to achieve
  a goal or objective. The holarchy defines the
  basic rules for cooperation of the holons and
  thereby limits their autonomy.
• RULES determine functional patterns for holons
  in that holarchy

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HOLONS AS DUAL ENTITIES

• THE WHOLE IN THE PART
• 1. WHOLE autonomy, separation
• 2. PART cooperation, cohesion
• CHALLENGES
• INTERDEPENENCE capability of integration as a
  part
• COORDINATION with local environment

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VIRTUAL ORGANISATIONS
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VIRTUAL ORGANIZATIONS

• A virtual organization or company is one whose
  members are geographically apart, usually working
  by computer e-mail and groupware while appearing
  to others to be a single, unified organization
  with a real physical location.

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THE WEB AS A LIVING ORGANISM
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WEB-CENTRIC PARADIGM

• COMMUNICATION MEDIUM
• MODELING HOLONS AS SOFTWARE AGENTS (agency
  attributes)
• HOW TO FIND THE BEST PARTNERS FOR THE
  COLLABORATION?
• TASK DISTRIBUTION
• TASK DEPLOYMENT
• PATTERNS OF HOLONIC COLLABORATION

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COMMUNICATION MEDIUM
Wireless
Portal
eMarketplace
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MODELING HOLONS as Multi-Agent Systems
HOLONIC ENTERPRISE
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HOLONIC ENTERPRISE
ENTERPRISE
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HOLONIC ENTERPRISE AS A HOLARCHY
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HOLONIC ENTERPRISE

• HOLARCHY of Collaborative Enterprises holons
• MODELED AS SOFTWARE AGENTS
• COLLABORATIVE LEVELS
• 1. INTER-ENTERPRISE (supply chain)
• 2. INTRA-ENTERPRISE
• (planning/scheduling)
• 3. RESOURCE (e.g. machine level)

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METAMORPHIC ARCHITECTURE
HOLONIC ENTERPRISE
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ORGANIZATIONS AS HOLONS

• Holon An autonomous and cooperative building
  block of an organizational system for
  transforming, transporting, storing and/or
  validating information (and physical objects.)
  The holon consists of an information processing
  part and often a physical processing part. A
  holon can form part of another holon.
• Autonomy The capability of an entity to create
  and control the execution of its own plans and/or
  strategies.
• Cooperation A process whereby a set of entities
  develop mutually acceptable plans and execute
  them.

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MANUFACTURING HOLON
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HOLONIC ENTERPRISE

• Holarchy A system of holons which can cooperate
  to achieve a goal or objective. The holarchy
  defines the basic rules for cooperation of the
  holons and thereby limits their autonomy.
• RULES Patterns of Holonic Collaboration

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PATTERNS OF HOLONIC COLLABORATION

• THE RULES FOR HOLONS
• Common mechanisms that characterize the
  information ecosystem created by the three levels
  of a holonic enterprise
• Dynamic Virtual Clustering configured to minimize
  cost and enabling for flexible, re-configurable
  structures

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PATTERNS OF H.E.

• Mediator Agent decisions on cluster
  configuration (e.g. finds the best partners for
  the collaboration)
• Partial Cloning (enterprises, internal resources,
  physical machines modeled as software agents)
• ? WHAT DO WE NEED TO ABSTRACT INTO AGENTS

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TASK DECOMPOSITION

• Task distribution among the clusters entities
  (outside-in view from the Mediator to each
  collaborative entity
• Task deployment within each entity (inside-out
  view from the entity to the Mediator)
• ONTOLOGY PATTERN
  - peer-to-peer (task distribution)
  - inter-level
  (task deployment)

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