Software: Systems and Application Software

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Software Systems and Application Software

• Chapter 4
• Dr. Clery
• Roosevelt University

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Software

• Was less expensive relative to hardware
• Gordon Moores law computer power doubles every
  18 months
• IS more expensive and complex relative to
  hardware
• Windows operating system took more man hours that
  building the great pyramid of Egypt

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Principles and Learning Objectives

• When selecting an operating system, you must
  consider the current and future needs for
  application software to meet the needs of the
  organization. In addition, your choice of a
  particular operating system must be consistent
  with your choice of hardware.
• Identify describe the functions of the 2 basic
  kinds of software. SYSTEMS Application
• Outline the role of the operating system
  identify the features of several popular
  operating systems.

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Principles and Learning Objectives

• Do not develop proprietary application software
  unless doing so will meet a compelling business
  need that can provide a competitive advantage.
• Discuss how applications software can support
  personal, workgroup, and enterprise business
  objectives.
• Identify 3 basic approaches to developing
  applications software and discuss the pros and
  cons of each.

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Principles and Learning Objectives

• Choose a programming language whose functional
  characteristics are appropriate to the task at
  hand, taking into consideration the skills and
  experience of the programming staff.
• Outline the evolution of programming languages.
• The software industry continues to undergo
  constant change users need to be aware of recent
  trends and issues to be effective in their
  business and personal life.
• Differentiate among the five generations of
  programming languages.

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An Overview of Software

• Computer program - sequences of instructions for
  the computer
• Documentation - describes program functions
• Systems software - coordinates the activities of
  hardware programs
• Applications software - helps users solve
  particular problems

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The Importance of Software in Business
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Supporting Individual, Group, and Organizational
Goals
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Operating Systems
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Operating Systems

• Perform common hardware functions
• Provide a user interface
• Provide hardware independence
• Manage system memory
• Manage processing
• Control access to system resources
• Manage files

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The Role of the Operating System
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Common Hardware Functions

• Accept keyboard input
• Store data on disks
• Send data to output devices

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User Interface

• Command-based interfaces
• Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs)

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Hardware Independence
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Memory Management
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Processing Tasks

• Multitasking - more than one program can run at a
  time using a single processor
• Time-sharing - multiple users can simultaneously
  use the resources of a single processor
• Scalability - easy adaptation to more users or
  tasks

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Access to System Resources

• Protection against unauthorized access
• Logins and passwords

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Personal Computer Operating Systems
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Personal Computer Operating Systems
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Workgroup Operating Systems

• Netware
• Windows NT Server 4.0
• Windows 2000 Server
• Unix
• Red Hat Linux
• Mac OS X Server

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Enterprise Operating Systems

• IBMs OS/390
• HPs MPE/iX (Multiprogramming Executive with
  integrated POSIX)
• IBMs z/OS
• Linux

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Consumer Appliance Operating Systems

• Windows CE.NET
• Mobil Linux
• Windows XP Embedded
• Handheld PC
• Pocket PC
• Palm OS

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Nokia 7650
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Utility Programs
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Types and Functions of Applications Software
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Sources of Software
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Comparison of Proprietary and Off-the-Shelf
Software
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Personal Application Software
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Personal and Application Software
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Personal and Application Software
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TurboTax
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Quicken
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Word Processing
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Spreadsheet Analysis
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Database Applications
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Graphics Programs
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On-Line Information Systems
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Software Suite
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Major Components of Leading Software Suites
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Workgroup Application Software

• Groupware
• Collaborative computing software

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Group Scheduling
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Examples of Enterprise Application Software
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Enterprise Application Software
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Selected Enterprise Resource Vendors
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Programming Languages

• Commands and statements combined according to a
  particular syntax
• Different languages have different characteristics

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Programming Languages
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First-Generation Languages

• Machine language
• ASCII (American Standard Code for Information
  Interchange)

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Second-Generation Languages

• Assembly languages
• Assemblers
• Symbolic language

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Third Generation Language

• High-level more than one machine instruction
  per line of code
• COBOL, PL1, BASIC,

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The programming process
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Fourth-Generation Languages

• 4GLs
• Programs tell the CPU the desired results, not
  how to get them
• Examples SQL, SAS

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Fifth-Generation Languages

• 5GLs
• Uses a visual or graphical development interface
  to create source language
• Examples Visual Basic, PC COBOL, and Visual C

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Object-Oriented Programming Languages

• Objects - data and actions that can be performed
  on the data
• Encapsulation - group items into an object
• Polymorphism - one procedure can work with
  multiple objects
• Inheritance - an object in a particular class
  gets attributes of that class

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Object-Oriented Programming Languages
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Software Issues Trends

• Software bugs
• Open source software
• Software licensing
• Software upgrades
• Global software support
• Antitrust issues for software

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How to Deal with Software Bugs
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Summary

• Software - consists of programs that control the
  workings of the computer hardware
• Operating system - set of computer programs that
  controls the computer hardware
• Application - software that applies the power of
  the computer to solve problems and perform
  specific tasks
• Programming languages - provide instructions to a
  computer to perform some processing activity

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