Ancient Rome

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Ancient Rome

• The Roman Empire

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Julius Caesar

• Born into a wealthy Patrician family
• Served in various govt. offices
• Made enemies among the Patricians controlling
  Rome
• Despite having enemies, he continued to gain
  power.

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The Senate and Caesar

• The senate worried about Caesars growing power
• They ordered Caesar to return to Rome with his
  army
• Caesar didnt listen and he took his troops
  across the Rubicon River into Italy, starting a
  civil war.

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Caesar Crossing the Rubicon River
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Pompey

• Caesars main enemy
• His army was defeated by Caesars army
• He fled to Egypt where he was murdered and his
  head was brought back and presented to Caesar.

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Pompey Flees Rome
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Pompeys Head is Presented to Caesar
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Caesar and Cleopatra

• Caesar sailed to Egypt and joined forces with
  Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt
• He joined forces to get the money he needed to
  continue fighting for control of Rome.
• In return, he helped her defeat her brother to
  gain control of Egypt.

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Cleopatra
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Caesar and Cleopatra
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45 B.C. Caesar - Dictator

• Caesar makes himself dictator of Rome
• Dictator someone who rules with absolute power
• Had coins made with his image on them as dictator.

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Changes Made by Caesar

• Gave soldiers land
• Free grain to the poor
• Increased the of people in the senate
• Gave many people not born in Rome citizenship
• Ordered a new and more accurate calendar
• Named his birth month July

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Roman Calendar
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More Roman Calendars
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March 15, 44 B.C.

• Caesar is stabbed to death by angry members of
  the Senate.

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Civil War Erupts!

• After the death of Caesar, Rome erupts into Civil
  War because different groups wanted to control
  Rome

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Octavian

• Once the Civil War was ended, Octavian was named
  imperator
• Imperator means one who commands and is the
  word that emperor comes from.
• Octavian took on the name AUGUSTUS, which means
  honored one
• The month of August is named after Augustus
• Augustus gained several powers during his rule
• He could veto refuse any law
• He ruled all Roman provinces
• He had control of the Roman army

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Caesar Augustus
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Pax Romana

• Roman Peace
• A period of peace in Rome
• Lasted 200 years
• During this time the Roman government became more
  efficient
• New roads were built
• New buildings and water systems aqueducts

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Roman Aqueducts

• Water system used to move water from a water
  source to a city.

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Ancient Roman aqueduct
View inside of a Roman aqueduct
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Entertainment in Rome

• Gladiators slaves or criminals condemned to
  death
• Gladiators would fight other gladiators as well
  as wild animals in front of huge crowds.
• The last one alive would win.

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Gladiators
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Roman Colosseum

• An enormous stadium built for games and
  entertainment in Rome
• Originally named the Flavian Amphitheater
• Originally started by the emperor Vespasian
• Could originally fit 87,000 people

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Exterior
Then and Now
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Interior Then
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Interior Now
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Colosseum
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Census

• Begun by Rome
• Was a count of all of the people living in the
  empire of Rome
• A census was taken every five years
• We still use the census today in many countries,
  including the U.S.

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Pompeii

• A city in Western Italy
• Was buried by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in
  79 B.C.
• The city was caught by surprise so most of the
  citizens of Pompeii died while they slept.
• Much of the city was preserved, buried under the
  ash from the eruption.

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Ruins of Pompeii with Mt. Vesuvius in the
background
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The Eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in 79 B.C.
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Death and Destruction
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Roman Inventions and Advancements

• The Roman arch held up bridges and wall while
  still allowing an opening underneath.
• Roman roads the first system of paved roads,
  which spread throughout Europe by the end of the
  empire
• The Romans were the first to use a form of
  concrete for building and roads
• The Romans built water systems all over Europe to
  transport water from place to place. These were
  called aqueducts
• The Romans also built large baths, libraries, and
  developed heated floors.

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Roman Arches
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Roman Roads
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Roman Aqueducts
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Roman Baths
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Roman Library Ruins