Technological and ecological systems: Industrial ecosystems Case Jyvskyl

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Technological and ecological systemsIndustrial
ecosystems- Case Jyväskylä

• Helsinki University of Technology
• 4.4.2002
• Hanne Siikavirta

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Technological and ecological systems

• Content
• Industrial ecology and industrial ecosystems
• Industrial ecosystems based on
• Wallner Towards sustainable development of
  industry networking, complexity and eco-clusters
• Cohen-Rosenthal A walk on the human side of
  industrial ecology
• Case Jyväskylä based on
• Hämäläinen et al.The environmental and
  economical impacts of a regional energy system in
  comparison with alternative solutions
• Korhonen et al. Industrial ecology of a regional
  energy supply system
• Siikavirta et al Eco-efficiency of
  eco-industrial networks from the perspective of
  energy company
• Siikavirta et al Regional context for abatement
  of greenhouse gases
• Discussion

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Industrial ecology and industrial ecosystems

• Critics on industrial ecology by ORourke (1996)
• It is poorly defined
• Tools have methodological weaknesses
• Strategies do not often support goals
• Implementation to date does not reflect the ideas
  expressed in the literature
• Technical analysis of energy issues and
  socio-political analysis of means to transform
  industry are extremely limited
• Development of industrial ecology (ISIE
  Newsletter 1/2002)
• Focus and refine the concepts of industrial
  ecology
• Create mechanisms for discussion and debate
  involving a broad range of actors and interested
  parties
• Experiment with the implementation of these
  concepts

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Industrial ecology and industrial ecosystems

• Some opinions on relationship of industrial
  ecology and industrial ecosystems
• Industrial ecology Theory / Industrial
  ecosystems Implementation in practice
• Industrial ecosystems are just one piece of
  industrial ecology and they are not regarded very
  important or useful
• Industrial ecosystems industrial ecology
• Some opinions on existing and future industrial
  ecosystems
• Existing examples are trivial. Normal practice in
  industry.
• Ecological sustainability?
• Economical feasibility and availability of
  capital crucial for development.
• There are also political and institutional
  barriers.
• Requires central planning?
• The guiding principle should be (local) well
  being in the broader sense.
• Also other than technological solutions are needed

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Industrial ecosystems

• Definition (suggestion by PCSD, 1997)

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Industrial ecosystems

• Synonymes or related concepts
• By-product synergy The synergy among diverse
  industries, agriculture, and communities
  resulting in profitable conversion of by-products
  and wastes to resources promoting
  sustainability. See Applied Sustainability,
  http//www.as-llc.com/page2.html
• Industrial Symbiosis Emphasis on symbiosis
  between plants that exchange something rather
  than on the whole system
• Eco-Industrial Parks or Networks Eco-Industrial
  Park earlier term Network currently used more

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Industrial ecosystems

• Eco-clusters for sustainable development, Wallner
• Categorization of networks
• According to the functional area of effect and
  objective
• According to the actors involved
• According to exchange variables
• According to the intensity of connection
  (technological, organizational)
• According to temporal development
• According to structure and organization
• According to spatial area of effect

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Industrial ecosystems

• Eco-clusters for sustainable development, Wallner
• Economical objectives
• Creation of new markets and/or securing old
  markets and/or construction of innovation and
  technology networks
• Local Economic Development Networks
• Ecological objectives (also economical)
• Recycling networks (economical feasibility often
  prerequisite)
• Social objectives
• Local Exchange Trading Networks
• Sustainable Development
• Eco-cluster formation (islands of sustainability)

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Industrial ecosystems

• Eco-clusters for sustainable development, Wallner
• Eco-cluster formation
• Evolutionary process
• Increasing complexity
• Bottom-up, self-organizing process
• Innovative disturbances, islands of
  sustainability
• Culture of cooperation and trust
• Construction of new structures and gradual
  adaptation of old system units to new criteria
• Optimal system depends on local conditions
• Distibuted economies, http//www.lu.se/IIIEE/index
  .html
• Critics? Problems?

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Industrial ecosystems

• A walk on the human side of industrial ecology,
  Cohen-Rosenthal
• What is (also) important in the development of
  industrial ecosystems?
• Social system and people their attitude and
  decisions
• Organizational change and learning
• Emphasis on process of fostering interconnections
  
• Network instead of transactional relationships
• Demonstrate business benefits
• View technology as a tool
• Engagment employees at all levels of the
  companies

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Case Jyväskylä

• Description of current system
• Development of system
• Current system / Alternative systems
• Environmental performance
• Investments
• Employment
• Articles on Jyväskylä

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Case Jyväskylä

• Current system (2000)

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Case Jyväskylä

• Development of the system (1960- )
• 1960 District heating business started
• 1962 Savela power plant was commissioned
• 1986 Rauhalahti power plant was commissioned and
  started to supply steam to Kangas paper mills and
  city of Jyväskylä
• 1987 District heat delivery to Viherlandia began
• 1992 Kangas paper mills' own energy production
  was stopped
• 1992 District heat delivery to rural areas
  outside the city of Jyväskylä began
• 1993 Modification of the combustion technology of
  Rauhalahti power plant
• 1996 The city of Jyväskylä and Fortum united
  their energy generation capacities and founded a
  new company named Jyväskylän Energiantuotanto Oy

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The consumption of energy within the energy
supply system of Jyväskylä
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The distribution of fuels used in the district
heat production of the energy supply system of
Jyväskylä
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Case Jyväskylä

• Comparison of current system / alternative
  systems
• Same energy (heat, steam, power) consumption
• What if
• There was separate heating instead of district
  heating
• What if the fuel mix would be as it is today
• What if the fuel mix would be as in 1970's
• What if the fuel mix would be as in 1960's
• There was separate production of heat and
  electricity
• All the actors would have built their own power
  or heating plants

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Case Jyväskylä

• Environmental performance (air emissions)

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Case Jyväskylä

• Investments

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Case Jyväskylä

• Employment

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Case Jyväskylä

• Articles on Jyväskylä
• Korhonen et al
• Application of Industrial Ecology to the
  Jyväskylä Regional Energy System
• Siikavirta et al. x 2
• 1. Benefits of centralized energy supply in Turku
  and Jyväskylä
• 2. The effect of different parameters on GHG
  emissions and possibilities to reduce the
  emissions.

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Further information

• USA
• http//www.indigodev.com
• http//www.cfe.cornell.edu/wei (will be closed
  soon)
• http//www.usc.edu/schools/sppd/research/NCEID/ind
  ex.html

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Some questions..

• Why has the system developed as it has?
• Are similar systems feasible in other regions
  (ecologically, economically, socially)?
• If yes, why haven't they been implemented?
• If not, what kind of systems would be (and what
  determines their feasibility)?
• What options are there for further improvement?
• Who could improve the system and how could they
  do that?