Holder%20DNA

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Holder DNA

• September 2008

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DNA 101

• Women have two X chromosomes
• Men have one X and one Y
• every egg cell has an X,
• and every sperm cell has an X OR a Y

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• So men always get their Y chromosome from their
  father
• Traditionally, they also take their fathers
  surname
• This means DNA sequences on the Y chromosome tend
  to track with the surname
• Some of these sequences mutate over a time frame
  that is useful for genealogical tracking

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STR markers

• STR Short Tandem Repeats

ATAG
ATAG
ATAG
ATAG
ATAG
ATAG
Some are more complicated
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• Slippage of DNA strands during replication can
  cause a repeat sequence to get longer or shorter

Frequency with which this occurs varies among
the STR markers - some are stable, some change
rapidly
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HOLDER project statistics

• Numbers now go to 58
• - 2 who never sent back kits
• - 1 who goes through a female Holder
• 7 groups with at least 2 samples
• All these should be valid Holder groups
• Nearly all are associated with southeast U.S.
• 9 single samples that differ from these
• May be valid Holder groups, but need more samples
  to compare

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Group A

• 9 samples
• Thomas Holder and Susannah Bunch of Bertie Co. NC
• Westward movement - Orange Co. NC, Cherokee Co.
  NC, on to Tennessee, Alabama, Texas, Florida

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Group B

• 5 samples
• John Holder (1694-1773) of PA
• Three sons moved to NC
• Another sons children moved to New Brunswick
• From NC, moved to Indiana, Iowa, Colorado and
  further west
• Moravian line in Bills database

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Group C

• A single sample
• James Holder Lucinda Worley, Indiana, m. 1838
• Descendants in Missouri, Oklahoma

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Group D

• 21 samples, which divide into two main groups
  plus some outliers
• At least three distinct paper trails back to the
  early 1700s
• Well return to this group later

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Group E

• Single sample
• Paper trail indicates descent from a female
  Holder who reverted to her maiden name after a
  bad marriage
• Her childrens biological surname may be MORGAN,
  but so far havent proved this

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NPE non-paternal event

• Adoption, maybe with no paper record
• Child born out of wedlock
• Husband not the real father of the baby
• Name change for some other reason

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Group F

• Single sample
• James Holder b. 1833, Ohio
• Descendants in Missouri, Kansas

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Group G

• 2 samples
• Alston Holder, in SC in 1800 later in Indiana

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Group H

• 2 samples
• Abraham Holder, Virginia to Pennsylvania
• Descendants in Missouri, Pennsylvania

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Group I

• Single sample, only 12 markers, and hasnt
  supplied information on ancestry

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Group J

• 3 samples
• Sion Holder, Harnett Co. NC

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Group K

• 2 samples
• Thomas Peyton Holder, Alabama
• Descendants in Mississippi, Michigan

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Do you get the feeling this is
?
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Group L

• 1 sample
• James Martin Holder, South Carolina to Georgia

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Group M

• 1 sample, only 12 markers
• Family originally from Barbados, later Trinidad

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Group N

• 1 sample
• Suffolk, England (our only English donor so far)
• But DNA profile is typical of Siberia!

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Group O

• 1 sample, only 12 markers
• No genealogical data yet

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Group P

• 1 sample
• William Holder, Lincoln Co. TN and Madison Co. AL

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Group Q

• 1 sample, tested at a different company so
  results dont exactly line up with FTDNA samples
• Jeptha Holder of Randolph Co. NC - but we have
  another putative descendant of Jeptha who is in
  group D
• Group D seems more likely based on migration
  patterns

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Group R

• 1 sample, newest participant
• Dont have ancestry yet, but he doesnt match
  anyone else

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An aside on Haplogroups

• Ancient origins
• Can be predicted by overall pattern of STR
  markers
• Confirm by deep clade test
• Not useful for recent genealogy, but may be
  helpful in working back to origins outside the
  U.S.

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R1b haplogroup

• By far the most common in the British Isles
• May find coincidental matches
• Recommend expanding to 67 markers
• Holder family groups A, C, D, E, J and P

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I haplogroups

• Most common in Scandinavia
• Several distinct subgroups
• 25 markers are enough to distinguish from R1b
  types, but more may be desirable to help sort out
  lines within a family
• Holder family groups H,K,L (most common type)
  also B, G and Q (more unusual types)

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R1a haplogroup

• More common in eastern Europe, but still
  significant in the British Isles
• Holder family group F

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Where do we go from here?

• More tests for existing donors
• Recruit more donors in current groups
• Try to cross the pond
• Very little response so far from England
• Suspicious of our intentions
• Not willing to pay for tests

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Group A recommendations

• Samples 004 and 017 could expand from 37 to 67
  markers would establish if they are identical
  over all 67 markers and provide a basis for later
  work
• Paper research is likely to be more productive
  than DNA for now, however

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Group D problems

• How far back does the split between D1 and D2 go?
• Can we find a way to distinguish between
  descendants of the three main D2 progenitors?

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D ancestor - before 1700
D2-D4
D1
DYS19 15
DYS19 14
D1a,b,e DYS43912
D1c,d DYS439 ? 13
D2a DYS464d16
D2b,c DYS464d ? 20
Subgroups are defined by single marker
changes Insufficient data to determine when
these occurred
D2b DYS45816
D2c DYS458 ? 17
Insufficient data to tell where D3 and D4
diverged
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D ancestor - before 1700
D2-D4
D1
DYS19 15
DYS19 14
D1a,b,e DYS43912
D1c,d DYS439 ? 13
D2a DYS464d16
D2b,c DYS464d ? 20
021, 035 Davis? White Co. TN
009 John 1744 (Col.) VA to KY to MS John 1749
(Agnes) VA to AL to AR 008 Solomon 1774 NC to SC
to TN
005, 033 William Presley 1780 TN to MO, TX 018
Jeptha 1784 Randolph Co. NC 019 Gabriel
1768 Russell Co. KY
D2b DYS45816
D2c DYS458 ? 17
022, 046, 050(?) Solomon 1770 SC to TN Franklin
Co.
045, 047 Bledsoe 1783 055 Hawkins 1800 037 Elisha
G. 1813 054 Jesse P. 1829 SC to MS, TX
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Group D recommendations

• More markers needed for as many people as
  possible
• One more more D1s expand to 67 markers
• Palindromic pack test for D2c group (s 022, 046,
  050
• 040 needs to expand to at least 25 markers

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Adding to the web site

• More complete summaries of families
• Migration maps for each group
• Other suggestions?