Farming

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Farming
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• Farming or agriculture is the growing of crops
  and rearing of animals. We study farming in
  Geography for two main reasons firstly we need
  farms to provide us with most of the food which
  we eat, and secondly farmland takes up a large
  amount of the land surface in Britain.

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In this unit you will learn

• The three main types of farming in the UK
• The factors that influence the type of farming
  practised
• The inputs, processes and outputs in a farming
  system
• The main changes that have occurred in farming
  over the last 50 years

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Farm Types

• Match the farming type to the appropriate
  meaning and copy them all into your jotter.
• Arable Farms - a combination of arable and
• pastoral, although
  one or the
• other may
  dominate.
• Pastoral Farms - farms growing crops e.g.
• barley, wheat or
  potatoes.
• Mixed Farms - farms that rear
  grass-eating animals
  e.g. sheep and cattle.

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• Farmers need to make a decision about what type
  of farm is best suited to their land. The
  decisions on what to farm are based on a
  combination of factors which can be classified as
  either physical or human factors.

Physical Factors
Handout 1
Read through your handout and then fill in the
blanks using the words in the box below
Minimum arable temperatures pastoral
thin 250mm machinery marshy
500mm rainfall fertile sunshine
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Human Factors
Handout 2

• Read through handout 2 and fill in the blanks
  using the words in the box below

Milking equipment encourage milk
workforce profit combine harvesters
regular machines surpluses
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Farming in the UK Handout 3

• We have looked at the physical and human factors
  that influence where each type of farming takes
  place. Now we will look at the geographical
  pattern of farming types in the UK

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Arable Farming

• Located in areas where there is deep, fertile
  soil and the land is quite flat. A relatively
  dry climate, reliable rain in the growing season,
  warm summers and frost in the winter to break up
  the soil are also necessary.
• Locations E SE England, E Scotland

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Hill Sheep Farming

• Located in areas where the land is unsuitable for
  growing crops due to the climate, the steepness
  of the slope or the poor soil quality.
• Sheep are hardier animals and can cope with
  colder, wetter and windier conditions.
• Locations Mountainous areas in the North and
  West of Scotland

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Cattle Farming

• Dairy Farming
• Located in areas with flat land, fertile
  well-drained soils, high-quality grass, mild
  winters and reliable rainfall.
• Dairy farms also need to be located close to
  urban markets.
• Locations Western parts of England, Scotland
  and Wales

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Cattle Farming

• Beef Cattle Farming
• Located in areas with high, steep land, thin
  infertile soils, high rainfall and low
  temperatures.
• Locations Upland areas in England, Wales and
  Scotland

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Market Gardening

• Read section 12F page 92 of The Human
  Environment.
• Fill in the Market Gardening box on your handout
  in a similar way to the three we have just
  completed together.

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Two British Farms
Which of the two farms is likely to be a sheep
farm? Give reasons for your answer.
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The Farming System

• Take a new page in your jotter. Put A Farm
  System as your title and copy the sentence
  below
• Farming works as a system with inputs,
  processes and outputs.

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Human/Economic Inputs
Physical Inputs
Processes
COPY THIS INTO A WHOLE JOTTER PAGE
Arable Farm
Pastoral Farm
Outputs
Outputs
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Put the words in the box below into the correct
part of the farming system flowchart you have
just drawn.
milking wool planting soil
relief dipping meat barley
land machinery selling seeds
fodder crops climate potatoes
fruit feeding fertilisers animals
milk spraying buildings
planting beans shearing transport
labour peas harvesting calving
chemicals ploughing medicines
weeding
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Land-Use Patterns on a Farm

• Read section 12J page 93 of The Human
  Environment
• Task 1 Sketch in your jotter a diagram similar
  to Figure 12.5
• Task 2 Annotate your diagram

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