IPv4 to IPv6

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IPv4 to IPv6

• Group A2
• Roland Hollis
• EJ Chambers
• Rachit Gupta

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Outline

• Aspects of IP Version 4
• What about Version 5?
• Aspects of IP Version 6
• Features of IPv6
• Auto-Configuration
• Qos
• IP Security

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IPv4 Header
Vers
HLEN
Service Type
Total Length
VERS
Flags
Fragment Offset
Identification
Time to Live
Protocol
Header Checksum
Source IP address
Destination IP address
IP Options (may be null)
Padding
IP Datagram Data (up to 65535 bytes)
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IPv4 Addressing

• 232 Unique IP Addresses
• This equates to be roughly 4 billion IP Address
• This should be enough, but because of network
  classes, many IP address are left unused
• This spawned the concepts of Subnetting, CIDR and
  subnet 10

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IPv4 Addressing

• CIDR Classless Inter Domain Routing
• CIDR and subnetting work together.
• Allow collapsing of contiguous class C networks
  into a single routing table
• Subnet 10
• Leaves the topology of your network up to
  administrator.
• Gateways and Proxies are the intermediary between
  the internet and your network

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Other Methods

• Other Methods include NATs Network Address
  Translation
• Acts as a buffer between global internet and your
  subnet.
• IP masquerading is a commonly used technique for
  Linux
• A modern NAT gateway must change the Source
  address on every outgoing packet to be its single
  public address

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IPv5 (?)

• Why are we skipping from v4 to v6?
• IPv5 never existed!
• The version number 5 was assigned to identify
  packets that carried experimental non-IP
  real-time stream protocol called SP
• It was abandoned for RSVP

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IPv6 Header
Vers
Class
Flow Table
VERS
Payload Length
Next header
Hop Limits
Source Address 128 bits (4 x 32 bits)
Destination Address 128 bits (4 x 32 bits)
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IPv6 Addressing

• 2128 IP Address
• 340 Undecillion IP Addresses
• So everyone including your cat and dog has one
• Allows true end to end communication
• A.k.a. No need for proxies and NAT
• Multicasting is required, unlike in IPv4

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Features of IPv6

• Has a fixed header size, which then has a fixed
  packet size
• Checksum value was removed since they are
  provided in data link and transport layers

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NAT

• Breaks end to end communication
• Routers monitor and change the data
• Breaks Bi-directional communication
• Hosts with global address cannot initiate
  communication

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IPv6 Address

• FP Format Prefix
• Denotes addressing format used
• TLA Top Level Aggregation
• Indications country or large carrier
• R Reserved for future use
• Some instances is combined with NLA

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IPv6 Address Cont

• NLA Next Level Aggregation
• Identifies a company or internet provider
• SLA Site Level Aggregation
• Assigned by superior identity
• Interface Id
• 64 bit IEEE EUI-64 address of hardware
• Ie the MAC

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Auto configuration

• Neighbor Discovery Protocol
• Dynamically determines information about directly
  attached networks
• Replaces IPv4 ARP
• Multicast vs. ARPs broadcast
• Plug and Play
• Stateful and Stateless auto configuration

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Quality of Service

• Different type of traffic be treated differently
  by intervention router in Internet.
• IPv6 has Flow Label Sender can request
  request special handling.
• IPv6 header has an 8-bit traffic class field.

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IP Security (IPSec)

• A set of security services can be provided
  through use of traffic security protocol
• The Authentication Header(AH)
• The Encapsulation Security Payload(ESP)

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References

• The Internet Protocol Version 6
• David C. Lee and Daniel L. Lough
• The Next Generation of the Internet Aspects of
  the Internet Protocol Version 6
• Daniel C. Lee, Daniel L. Lough, Scott Midkiff,
  Nathaniel J. Davis, Phillip E. Benchoff
• IPv6 Future Approval Networking
• Hui Huang, Jian Ma

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Questions?

• Comments?