Development of an

1
Development of an HF-Radar system for the New
Jersey Shelf Observing System(NJSOS)
Josh T. Kohut Scott M. Glenn
2
Standard SeaSonde
System Setup
3
(No Transcript)
4
SeaSonde HF Radar Sites at LEO-15
Depth
0 5 10 15 20
LEO-15 Nodes
(m)
5
Standard SeaSonde
Validation

• AUV Mounted ADCP

6
CODAR Comparisons with REMUS ADCP
July 28, 1998
7
CODAR Comparisons with REMUS ADCP
July 28, 1998
8
CODAR Comparisons with REMUS ADCP
July 28, 1998
9
Standard SeaSonde
Validation

• AUV Mounted ADCP

• Moored ADCP

10
Radial Velocity Map
Brant Beach Site
Brigantine Site
Moored ADCP
25 km
A
25 cm/s
11
Raw Velocity Comparison with ADCP C
July, 1998
Northern Site
RMS 7.2 cm/s
ADCP CODAR
Time (year-day)
Southern Site
RMS 9.5 cm/s
Time (year-day)
12
Standard SeaSonde
Validation

• AUV Mounted ADCP

• Moored ADCP

• Antenna Patterns

13
Role of Antenna Patterns in Signal Direction
Determination
14
Pattern Measurement with a Transponder
15
Calibration Runs
Ground Plane
Run Number
Receiver
Environment
Antenna
Date
1 2.4 m Cluttered B
B 10/99
2 1.2 m Cluttered B
B 10/99
3 2.4 m Clear A
A 10/99
4 1.2 m Clear A
A 10/99
5 1.2 m Clear A
A 09/00
6 1.2 m Clear B
A 09/00
7 1.2 m Clear B
B 09/00
8 1.2 m Clear A
A 09/00
9 1.2 m Cluttered B
B 11/00
10 1.2 m Cluttered A
B 11/00
11 1.2 m Cluttered B
B 11/00
12 1.2 m Cluttered B
B 11/00
Same as run 11 except different cable
orientation.
16
Calibration Runs
Ground Plane
Run Number
Receiver
Environment
Antenna
Date
1 2.4 m Cluttered B
B 10/99
2 1.2 m Cluttered B
B 10/99
3 2.4 m Clear A
A 10/99
4 1.2 m Clear A
A 10/99
5 1.2 m Clear A
A 09/00
6 1.2 m Clear B
A 09/00
7 1.2 m Clear B
B 09/00
8 1.2 m Clear A
A 09/00
9 1.2 m Cluttered B
B 11/00
10 1.2 m Cluttered A
B 11/00
11 1.2 m Cluttered B
B 11/00
12 1.2 m Cluttered B
B 11/00
Same as run 11 except different cable
orientation.
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Ground plane
Antenna Patterns
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Receive Antenna Ground Plane
Receive Antenna Ground Plane
2.4 meter
1.2 meter
19
Measured Clear Site Antenna Patterns
2.4 m Ground Plane
Loop 1 Loop 2
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Clear Site Antenna Distortions
Loop 1 Loop 2
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Cluttered Site Antenna Distortions
Loop 1 Loop 2
22
Antennasand theLocal Environment
Antenna Patterns
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Calibration Runs
Ground Plane
Run Number
Receiver
Environment
Antenna
Date
1 2.4 m Cluttered B
B 10/99
2 1.2 m Cluttered B
B 10/99
3 2.4 m Clear A
A 10/99
4 1.2 m Clear A
A 10/99
5 1.2 m Clear A
A 09/00
6 1.2 m Clear B
A 09/00
7 1.2 m Clear B
B 09/00
8 1.2 m Clear A
A 09/00
9 1.2 m Cluttered B
B 11/00
10 1.2 m Cluttered A
B 11/00
11 1.2 m Cluttered B
B 11/00
12 1.2 m Cluttered B
B 11/00
Same as run 11 except different cable
orientation.
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Antenna Pattern Distortions
Antenna B
Antenna A
Loop 1 Loop 2
0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5
Clear Environment
0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5
Cluttered Environment
40 60 80 100 120 140 160
180 200 220
40 60 80 100 120 140 160
180 200 220
Angle (Degrees From True North)
25
Time Dependence
Antenna Patterns
26
Calibration Runs
Ground Plane
Run Number
Receiver
Environment
Antenna
Date
1 2.4 m Cluttered B
B 10/99
2 1.2 m Cluttered B
B 10/99
3 2.4 m Clear A
A 10/99
4 1.2 m Clear A
A 10/99
5 1.2 m Clear A
A 09/00
6 1.2 m Clear B
A 09/00
7 1.2 m Clear B
B 09/00
8 1.2 m Clear A
A 09/00
9 1.2 m Cluttered B
B 11/00
10 1.2 m Cluttered A
B 11/00
11 1.2 m Cluttered B
B 11/00
12 1.2 m Cluttered B
B 11/00
Same as run 11 except different cable
orientation.
27
Clear Site Time Dependency
October 1999
2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0
September 2000
0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0
Normalized Antenna Patterns
40 60 80 100 120 140 160
180 200 220
40 60 80 100 120 140 160
180 200 220
Angle (Degrees From True North)
Loop 1 Loop 2
28
Clear Site Time Dependency
October 1999
September 2000
0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0
0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0
Normalized Antenna Patterns
40 60 80 100 120 140 160
180 200 220
40 60 80 100 120 140 160
180 200 220
Angle (Degrees From True North)
Loop 1 Loop 2
29
ADCP Comparisons
30
Radial Velocity Map
Brant Beach Site
Brigantine Site
Moored ADCP
25 km
A
25 cm/s
31
Ideal or Measured Pattern
Loop 1 Loop 2
32
ADCP and CODAR Radial Velocity Comparisons
RMS (cm/s)
R2 ()
Ground Plane
Remote Site
2.4 m Clear 12.2
60
2.4 m Clear 10.3
79
1.2 m Clear 10.1
79
1.2 m Clear 9.8
77
Ideal Patterns
Measured Patterns
33
Clear Site Antenna Patterns
Loop 1 Loop 2
34
ADCP and CODAR Radial Velocity Comparisons
RMS (cm/s)
R2 ()
Ground Plane
Remote Site
2.4 m Cluttered 8.2
81
2.4 m Cluttered 7.2
90
1.2 m Cluttered 8.7
86
1.2 m Cluttered 8.9
88
Ideal Patterns
Measured Patterns
35
Cluttered Site Antenna Patterns
Loop 1 Loop 2
36
Measuredvs.Ideal
37
Radial Velocity Map
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CODAR and ADCP Radial Velocity Comparisons (2.4 m)
50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
Ideal Patterns Measured Patterns
A D C P
RMS Difference (cm/s)
20 40 60 80 100 120 140
160 180 200 220
39
gt30 25 20 15 10 5 0
Spatial Difference Between Measured and Ideal
Patterns (2.4 m)
200 150 100 50 0 -50 -100 -150 -200
Relative Angle (Degrees)
RMS Difference (cm/s)
45 65 85 105 125 145
165 185
Reference Angle (Degrees from True North)
40
gt30 25 20 15 10 5 0
Spatial Difference Between Measured and Ideal
Patterns (1.2 m)
200 150 100 50 0 -50 -100 -150 -200
Relative Angle (Degrees)
RMS Difference (cm/s)
45 65 85 105 125 145
165 185 205
Reference Angle (Degrees from True North)
41
Standard SeaSonde
Contributions

• Tracking a phytoplankton bloom

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Red Tide Observed at 790 nm on 22 July 2000 With
the PHILLS Sensor
100 meters
43
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Bioluminescence Potential
1e6
4e10
Photons/sec/ml
0
6
12
Depth (m)
18
24
a
0
1.0
2.0
Distance (km)
45
Standard SeaSonde
Contributions

• Tracking a phytoplankton bloom

• Operation Black Moon

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Towed ADCP
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Operation Blackmoon
1 7 13 19 25 30
Surface Velocity (cm/s)
51
1 7 13 19 25 30
Surface Velocity (cm/s)
52
Standard SeaSonde
The Future

• Continued Real-time Operation
• Pairing with Bistatic Transmitter
• Long-range SeaSonde Validation

53
Long-range SeaSonde
System Setup

• Loveladies, New Jersey (June 2000)

54
Transmit Antenna
Receive Antenna
Loveladies, New Jersey
55
Long-range SeaSonde
Validation

• Frequency Dependence

56
Long-range CODAR Coverage
6 km
3 km
Day Time
4.66 MHz
Night Time
57
Long-range CODAR Coverage
6 km
3 km
Day Time
4.80 MHz
Night Time
58
Long-range SeaSonde
System Setup

• Loveladies, New Jersey (June 2000)

• Wildwood, New Jersey (March 2001)

59
Wildwood, New Jersey
Equipment Shed
Antennas
60
LORAN-A Antenna
Peaks in Transmit Antenna Gain
Antenna Height
Antenna Height
Antenna Type
Additional Power
Additional Range
1/4 ? 15.5 m CODAR
5/8 ? 38.75 m LORAN 3dB 20 km
3/4 ? 46.5 m 3dB
20 km
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CODAR Surface Currents and Satellite SST March
20, 2001
63
Long-range SeaSonde
The Future

• 3 Additional Sites

64
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65
Long-range SeaSonde
The Future

• 3 Additional Sites
• NorthEast Observing System (NEOS)

66
NEOS
Funded Systems Proposed Systems Participating
Institutions
67
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Conclusions

• The local environment plays a significant role in
  pattern distortions.
• System accuracy improves when the measured
  pattern is used, if the pattern is not close to
  ideal.
• When MUSIC uses the measured pattern, velocity
  vectors are more consistently put in the correct
  angular bin.
• Long-range SeaSonde coverage is frequency
  dependent, especially at night.
• Long-range HF-Radar data can be a very powerful
  tool for coastal ocean observatories.

69
Acknowledgements
Academics

• Dr. Scott Glenn, Dr. Bob Chant, Dr. Jeff Paduan,
• John Fracassi, Sage Lichtenwalner, Mike Crowley,
• Liz Creed and Kristie Andreson

Government
Dr. Melbourne Briscoe, CDR Cari Thomas, LCDR Gary
Thomas, LCDR Mike McAllister and Arthur Allen
Industry
Dr. Don Barrick, Belinda Lipa, Pete Lilleboe,
Laura Pederson and Bill Rector
http//marine.rutgers.edu/cool http//www.thecoolr
oom.org
70
Ocean
Ground Plane Interference
Land
71
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72
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73
Recievers
Antenna Patterns
74
Calibration Runs
Ground Plane
Run Number
Receiver
Environment
Antenna
Date
1 2.4 m Cluttered B
B 10/99
2 1.2 m Cluttered B
B 10/99
3 2.4 m Clear A
A 10/99
4 1.2 m Clear A
A 10/99
5 1.2 m Clear A
A 09/00
6 1.2 m Clear B
A 09/00
7 1.2 m Clear B
B 09/00
8 1.2 m Clear A
A 09/00
9 1.2 m Cluttered B
B 11/00
10 1.2 m Cluttered A
B 11/00
11 1.2 m Cluttered B
B 11/00
12 1.2 m Cluttered B
B 11/00
Same as run 11 except different cable
orientation.
75
Clear Site Receiver Runs
Loop 1 Loop 2
76
Time Dependency
Antenna Patterns
77
Calibration Runs
Ground Plane
Run Number
Receiver
Environment
Antenna
Date
1 2.4 m Cluttered B
B 10/99
2 1.2 m Cluttered B
B 10/99
3 2.4 m Clear A
A 10/99
4 1.2 m Clear A
A 10/99
5 1.2 m Clear A
A 09/00
6 1.2 m Clear B
A 09/00
7 1.2 m Clear B
B 09/00
8 1.2 m Clear A
A 09/00
9 1.2 m Cluttered B
B 11/00
10 1.2 m Cluttered A
B 11/00
11 1.2 m Cluttered B
B 11/00
12 1.2 m Cluttered B
B 11/00
Same as run 11 except different cable
orientation.
78
Cluttered Site Time Dependency
October 1999
November 2000
2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0
1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0
Normalized Antenna Patterns
40 60 80 100 120 140 160
180 200 220
40 60 80 100 120 140 160
180 200 220
Angle (Degrees From True North)
Loop 1 Loop 2
79
Clear Site Time Dependency
October 1999
November 2000
1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0
1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0
Normalized Antenna Patterns
40 60 80 100 120 140 160
180 200 220
40 60 80 100 120 140 160
180 200 220
Angle (Degrees From True North)
Loop 1 Loop 2
80
Cables
Antenna Patterns
81
Calibration Runs
Ground Plane
Run Number
Receiver
Environment
Antenna
Date
1 2.4 m Cluttered B
B 10/99
2 1.2 m Cluttered B
B 10/99
3 2.4 m Clear A
A 10/99
4 1.2 m Clear A
A 10/99
5 1.2 m Clear A
A 09/00
6 1.2 m Clear B
A 09/00
7 1.2 m Clear B
B 09/00
8 1.2 m Clear A
A 09/00
9 1.2 m Cluttered B
B 11/00
10 1.2 m Cluttered A
B 11/00
11 1.2 m Cluttered B
B 11/00
12 1.2 m Cluttered B
B 11/00
Same as run 11 except different cable
orientation.
82
Cluttered Site Cable Runs
Loop 1 Loop 2
83
Radial Velocity Map
Brant Beach Site
Brigantine Site
Moored ADCP
25 km
A
25 cm/s
84
Radial Velocity Map
Brant Beach Site
Brigantine Site
Location
Moored ADCP

• Range
• Bearing

25 km
A
25 cm/s
85
gt30 25 20 15 10 5 0
Spatial Difference Between Measured and Ideal
Patterns (2.4 m)
200 150 100 50 0 -50 -100 -150 -200
Relative Angle (Degrees)
RMS Difference (cm/s)
45 65 85 105 125 145
165 185 205
Reference Angle (Degrees from True North)
86
(No Transcript)
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NEOOS HF-Radar Backbone
10 km
88
Northern Site Antenna Comparisons
4 ft Measured Patterns
RMS 8.3 cm/s R2 0.84 NP 114
89
Northern Site Radial Coverage
4 ft Measured Patterns
Percent Coverage
90
Standard SeaSonde
Contributions

• Tracking a phytoplankton bloom

• Operation Black Moon

• Search and Rescue

91
(No Transcript)
92
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93
Role of Antenna Patterns in Signal Direction
Determination
94
Funded Installations NJ (5) and GoMOOS
(4) Long-Range CODARs
95
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Tidal Velocity Comparison with ADCP C
July, 1998
Northern Site
RMS 1.6 cm/s
ADCP CODAR
Time (year-day)
Southern Site
RMS 4.3 cm/s
Time (year-day)
97
First Bistatic HF-Radar Current Data
November 20, 2000
98
Bistatic
Boat to Land Test

• Brant Beach, New Jersey
• February, 2001

99
Bistatic Boat Test
Bistatic Transmit Antenna
Bistatic Receiver
100
Bistatic Validation
Monostatic
Bistatic
101
1 7 13 19 25 30
Surface Velocity (cm/s)
102
Long-range SeaSonde
Validation

• Frequency dependence

• Standard site radials

103
Long-range Radial Field Validation
July 20, 2000 1700 GMT
104
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105
Radial Velocity Map
Brant Beach Site
Brigantine Site
Moored ADCP
25 km
A
25 cm/s
106
Raw Velocity Comparison with ADCP A
July, 1998
Northern Site
RMS 19.5 cm/s
ADCP CODAR
A
200 201 202
203 204
205 206
Time (year-day)
Southern Site
RMS 19.6 cm/s
200 201 202
203 204
205 206
Time (year-day)
107
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108
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109
Bistatic
System Setup
110
Backscatter HF-Radar
Bistatic HF-Radar
111
Bistatic
Land to Land Test

• Monterey Bay, California
• November, 2000

Boat to Land Test

• Brant Beach, New Jersey
• February, 2001

112
Bistatic
The Future

• Buoy to land
• Summer/Fall 2001

113
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114
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115
(No Transcript)