Orientation School of Graduate Studies

1
OrientationSchool of Graduate Studies

• Laboratory Safety
• Presented By
• Catherine Drum, BASc(OHS), CRSP
• Environmental Health Safety Officer
• Ryerson University
• 2006

2
Topics

• Legal Framework
• Project Review/Approval Mechanism
• Identification and Control of Hazardous Areas
• General Safety Guidelines
• Responding to Laboratory Emergencies
• What-not-to-do Laboratory
• University Contacts
• Resources

3
Legal Framework

• Occupational Health and Safety
• Environmental Laws
• Building and Fire Codes
• Transportation of Chemicals
• Other Legislation
• Responsibilities
• Departmental Safety Committees

4
Legal Framework

• Occupational Health and Safety
• The Ontario Occupational Health and Safety Act
  sets out the general duties of employers,
  supervisors and employees and describes how
  safety and health programs are to operate.

5
Legal Framework

• Environmental Laws
• Provincial environmental laws and regulations
  also affect laboratory operations by regulating
  the discharge of chemicals and by establishing
  allowable waste disposal practices
• Federal regulations also cover PCBs, hazardous
  wastes, and ozone depleting or greenhouse gases

6
Legal Framework

• Building and Fire Codes
• Special provisions of the National Building and
  National Fire Codes of Canada apply to the design
  and operation of laboratories
• In some highly specific areas, regulatory
  agencies use guidelines and codes developed by US
  National Fire Protection Association

7
Legal Framework

• Transportation of Chemicals
• Whenever dangerous goods are transported by road,
  rail, air or sea the federal Transportation of
  Dangerous Goods Act applies
• It requires the shipper to classify, label and
  package chemicals, and place a dangerous goods
  placard on the vehicle that will transport them
• It also requires receivers to maintain records of
  shipments received

8
Legal Framework

• Transportation of Chemicals continued
• The regulations specify that shippers or
  receivers of dangerous goods must receive
  periodic training

9
Legal Framework

• Other Legislation
• Nuclear Safety and Control Act established a
  system under which the University is granted a
  license under which laboratories use
  radioisotopes and radiation emitting equipment
• Other regulations apply to areas such as
  infectious agents and the health of laboratory
  animals

10
Legal Framework

• Responsibilities
• Directors, Chairs and Heads of Departments
• are responsible for ensuring that the appropriate
  policies and procedures are in place so that
  their unit's programs comply with University
  policy, health, safety and environmental
  legislation

11
Legal Framework - Responsibilities

• Laboratory Supervisors
• Are responsible for ensuring that activities
  undertaken in their laboratories are consistent
  with the University policy of providing a safe
  and healthful environment for staff and students
  and for those who provide services to their
  laboratories
• In most cases this is a supervising faculty
  member or Principle Investigator

12
Legal Framework - Responsibilities

• Core Competency
• Performance Guideline

13
Legal Framework - Responsibilities

• Laboratory supervisors shall ensure
• Identification of hazards and assessment of the
  risks associated with operations
• Ensuring that program personnel are aware of
  hazards and of the precautions they should take
  in carrying out their assigned tasks
• Selection of proper laboratory safety practices
  and engineering controls necessary to minimize
  personal injury or property damage

14
Legal Framework - Responsibilities

• In conjunction with CEHSM, selection of
  appropriate preventive medical practices,
  serologic monitoring, and immunization protocols,
  and inform program personnel of the rationale for
  their selection (Eg. Designated Substances)
• Providing instruction and training programs for
  personnel in the practices and techniques
  required for their assigned tasks and laboratory
  operations
• Maintaining a laboratory procedure notebook

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Legal Framework - Responsibilities

• Ensuring that necessary safety equipment is
  available in the laboratory, used when required,
  and adequately maintained
• In conjunction with CEHSM, establishing and
  periodically reviewing emergency procedures for
  accidental spills and any overt exposure to
  hazardous substances

16
Legal Framework - Responsibilities

• Arranging for immediate medical attention for
  injured personnel and reporting of incidents as
  required
• Complying with all policies and procedures set
  out by the University and/or by your department.

17
Legal Framework - Responsibilities

• Laboratory Staff and Students
• Complying with all University/Department safety
  policies and procedures
• Maintaining awareness of the risks associated
  with assigned duties
• Taking all necessary and appropriate safety
  precautions relevant to performance of duties

18
Legal Framework - Responsibilities

• Becoming familiar with emergency procedures prior
  to accidental spills, overt personal exposures,
  fire, etc.
• Reporting unsafe conditions or practices to the
  laboratory supervisor
• Reporting all incidents resulting in injury or
  exposure to hazardous agents to the laboratory
  supervisor

19
Legal Framework

• Faculty, Building or Departmental Safety
  Committees
• University policy encourages heads of units to
  establish local health and safety committees
• These committees provide advice to the head of
  the unit and assist in dealing with local health
  and safety matters
• Your department office can help you contact your
  local committee

20
Projects Review/Approval Mechanism

• Scope
• Procedure

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Projects Review/Approval Mechanism

• Scope
• All projects and activities involving
• Research
• Student-related Project/Thesis
• Change in Equipment, Process or Materials
• New Construction and Renovations
• Special Events
• Travel (Domestic International)

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Projects Review/Approval Mechanism - Scope

• The purposes of such a review are
• To identify hazards and assess the risks
  associated with the project or activity
• To evaluate the adequacy of safety procedures,
  the facilities, and the equipment and
• To determine the need for special training,
  licensing, medical surveillance, etc.

23
Projects Review/Approval Mechanism

• Procedure
• The investigator should contact the Centre for
  Environmental Health Safety Management (CEHSM)
  to determine whether the Risk Assessment Form
  will be necessary for the proposed work
• CEHSM is available to assist in the risk
  assessment process

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PR/AM - Procedure

• The investigator must submit completed form to
  the Department Chair/Academic Director or Dean
• Upon receipt of the Risk Assessment Form, the
  Dept Chair/Academic Director or Dean will confirm
  the required control measures

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PR/AM - Procedure

• The investigator will be advised concerning the
  acceptability of the protocol and any
  modifications, additions, etc. required
• A copy of the completed form will be submitted to
  the CEHSM

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PR/AM - Procedure

• Review of
• Risk Assessment Form

27
Identification and Control of Hazardous Areas

• Controlled Access
• Visitors in Laboratories
• Hazard Warning Signs and Labels

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Identification and Control of Hazardous Areas

• Controlled Access
• Certain areas within the University have been
  designated restricted and access is controlled by
  card-key access or Key. Some examples
• Areas with excessive noise
• Rooms containing radiation sources
• Rooms containing hazardous materials
• Rooms containing biohazards

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Identification and Control of Hazardous Areas

• Controlled Access continued
• To prevent unauthorized personnel from entering
  restricted areas, a card key, or key, is issued
  to each person officially needing access to a
  controlled area
• Supervisors must approve all requests for
  obtaining card-keys or keys

30
Identification and Control of Hazardous Areas

• Visitors in Laboratories
• Each laboratory supervisor is responsible for the
  safety of adult visitors to his or her
  laboratory, including ensuring that immunization,
  training, issuance of personal protective
  equipment, paper work completion, and other
  requirements have been met
• Doors to restricted areas must not be propped
  open to allow visitor access

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Identification and Control of Hazardous Areas

• Hazard Warning Signs and Labels
• Hazard Categories
• General Information
• Posting of Hazard Signs Labels
• Rules and Procedures

32
Identification and Control of Hazardous Areas

• Hazard Warning Signs and Labels
• Hazard Categories
• Hazard identification signage has four distinct
  categories
• NOTICE states a policy related to safety of
  personnel or protection or property but is not
  for use with a physical hazard.

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Identification and Control of Hazardous Areas

• CAUTION indicates a potentially hazardous
  situation that, if not avoided, may result in
  minor or moderate injury.
• WARNING indicates a potentially hazardous
  situation that, if not avoided, will result in
  death or serious injury.
• DANGER indicates an imminently hazardous
  situation that, if not avoided, will result in
  death or serious injury.

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Identification and Control of Hazardous Areas

• Hazard Warning Signs and Labels
• General Information
• Prominent signs and labels of the following types
  are generally posted in and adjacent to
  laboratories
• emergency phone numbers of emergency personnel/
  facilities, supervisors, and lab workers
• identity labels, showing contents of containers
  and associated hazards

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Identification and Control of Hazardous Areas

• Hazard Warning Signs and Labels
• location signs for safety showers, eyewash
  stations, other safety and first aid equipment,
  and exits and
• warnings at areas or equipment where special or
  unusual hazards exist.

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Identification and Control of Hazardous Areas

• Hazard Warning Signs and Labels
• Some of the more common hazards found in
  laboratories that are required to be or should be
  identified are
• Biohazards
• Radiation hazards
• Laser light
• Chemical hazards
• Explosive or flammable liquids

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Identification and Control of Hazardous Areas

• Hazard Warning Signs and Labels
• Cryogenic hazards
• Compressed gas storage
• Noise hazards
• UV light

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Identification and Control of Hazardous Areas

• Hazard Warning Signs and Labels
• Posting of Hazard Signs Labels
• The laboratory supervisor is responsible for
  posting hazard warning signs as necessary and in
  compliance with the requirements for each type of
  hazard encountered
• Information on proper types of signs and specific
  requirements for signage should be directed to
  the CEHSM

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Identification and Control of Hazardous Areas

• Hazard Warning Signs and Labels
• Rules and Procedures
• Signs must be posted only while a hazard exists
  and must be removed as soon as the source of
  danger is removed.
• Hazard warning signs must show the name(s) of the
  hazard(s) and the investigator, his/her
  alternate, with their emergency telephone
  numbers.

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Identification and Control of Hazardous Areas

• Hazard Warning Signs and Labels
• The investigator named on the hazard sign will
  determine when visitors can be allowed in the
  laboratory.
• Signs that are to be used permanently should be
  posted in permanent frames
• Signs that are to be posted on a temporary bases
  (less than one month) may be installed in
  permanent frames or posted with tape on
  appropriate surfaces.

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Identification and Control of Hazardous Areas

• Hazard Warning Signs and Labels
• The investigator is responsible for obtaining all
  hazard and/or labels for the laboratory.

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General Safety Guidelines

• Common Laboratory Hazards
• Controlling Laboratory Risks
• Safe Laboratory Practices
• Equipment Safety

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General Safety Guidelines

• Common Laboratory Hazards
• Chemical hazards
• Toxins, corrosives, flammables, and reactives
• Biological hazards
• Microbes, animals, plants, and genetically
  modified agents
• Radiation hazards
• Ionizing and non-ionizing radiation

44
General Safety Guidelines

• Common Laboratory Hazards
• Physical hazards
• Heating devices, noise, projectiles, fire, cold,
  etc.
• Electrical hazards
• Fire and shock
• Mechanical hazards
• Moving machinery

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Common Laboratory Hazards

• Airborne hazardous materials
• Vapors, dust, etc.
• Ergonomic factors
• Standing, repetitive motion

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General Safety Guidelines

• Controlling Laboratory Risks
• Administrative and engineering controls can help
  minimize laboratory risks
• However, safety conscious workers using good
  laboratory practices are the most important
  component of laboratory safety
• The following factors are important for safe
  laboratory operations

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Controlling Laboratory Risks

• Adequate facilities
• Proper ventilation
• Non-slip surfaces
• Hand washing facilities

48
Controlling Laboratory Risks

• Available and appropriate safety equipment
• Personal protective equipment
• Laboratory equipment
• Safety devices on laboratory equipment, machines,
  devices, and instruments

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GSG Controlling Laboratory Risks

• Appropriate emergency equipment
• Fire extinguishers
• Emergency showers
• Eye wash stations

50
GSG Controlling Laboratory Risks

• Appropriate procedures
• Good housekeeping and Personal hygiene
• Chemical waste disposal
• Sharps use and disposal
• Assessment, purchase, and use of personal
  protective equipment
• Purchase, acceptance, storage, use, handling, and
  disposal of compressed gas cylinders

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GSG Controlling Laboratory Risks

• Knowledgeable workers
• Experienced
• Trained

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GSG Controlling Laboratory Risks

• All laboratory doors should be labeled with
  emergency contact information
• If an incident occurs during off-hours,
  respondents need to know the names and telephone
  numbers of the people responsible for laboratory
  operations
• Keep this information current and accurate

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GSG - Controlling Laboratory Risks

• Properly trained and experienced workers have the
  greatest ability to control laboratory risks
• By using good laboratory practices, workers can
  minimize hazards, exposure, contamination, and
  workplace accidents

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General Safety Guidelines

• Safe Laboratory Practices
• Know about the chemicals and hazards associated
  with your laboratory
• Know what to do in different emergency situations
  
• Know how to read and interpret MSDSs
• Wear personal protective equipment, as appropriate

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GSG Safe Laboratory Practices

• Follow safe practices for working with chemicals
• Dedicate microwave ovens and other heating
  devices exclusively for food or for laboratory
  operations. Ensure that ovens are clearly labeled
  to indicate their function.
• Do not wear contact lenses around chemicals,
  fumes, dust particles, or other hazardous
  materials

56
GSG Safe Laboratory Practices

• Protect unattended operations from utility
  failures and other potential problems that could
  lead to overheating or other hazardous events
• Avoid working alone in a laboratory
• Avoid producing aerosols
• Use extreme care when working with needles,
  blades, and glass
• Do not eat, drink, or use tobacco products in the
  laboratory

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GSG Safe Laboratory Practices

• Do not mouth pipet
• Clean contaminated equipment and spills
  immediately
• Avoid contaminating equipment with mercury
• Clean mercury spills immediately. (Chronic
  exposure to mercury can result from a few drops
  left uncleaned.)
• Do not allow visitors in the laboratory

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GSG Safe Laboratory Practices

• Keep laboratory doors closed
• Decontaminate all affected equipment
• Avoid using dry ice in enclosed areas. (Dry ice
  can produce elevated carbon dioxide levels.)
• Hallways, corridors, and exit ways must be kept
  clear.
• Do not locate (even temporarily) laboratory
  equipment or supplies in these areas

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GSG Safe Laboratory Practices

• IMPORTANT
• Never underestimate the hazards associated
• with a laboratory. If you are unsure about
• what you are doing, get assistance. Do
• not use unfamiliar chemicals, equipment,
• or procedures alone.

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GSG Safe Laboratory Practices

• Laboratory Inspections
• Formal inspections (documented) should be
  performed by the lab supervisor at least once per
  semester
• Staff and students should perform a visual
  inspection each time they enter the lab

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GSG Safe Laboratory Practices

• Storage of Chemicals
• In minimum practical quantities away from
  entrances
• Protected from exposure to excessive heat or
  direct sunlight
• Above floor level on shelves not higher than
  shoulder height

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GSG - SLP - Storage of Chemicals

• On shelves with a back which prevents chemicals
  from falling off the rear of the shelf
• Separately from other incompatible chemicals
• In safety coated bottles where appropriate

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GSG - SLP - Storage of Chemicals

• Containers
• Store Chemicals
• In the supplier's original container or in a
  container that provides adequate protection for
  the contents
• In containers bearing a label showing the
  chemical name and safe handling instructions

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GSG - SLP - Storage of Chemicals

• Store Solvents
• In containers bearing labels which give the
  chemical name and safe handling information
• In refrigerators designed for storage of
  flammable liquids
• In flammable storage cabinets

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GSG - SLP - Storage of Chemicals

• Separation of Incompatible Chemicals
• Generally chemicals are grouped into the
  following incompatibility classes
• Acids and bases
• Solvents
• Dangerously reactive chemicals
• Oxidizers
• Other reagents

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GSG - SLP - Storage of Chemicals

• Separation of Incompatible Chemicals contd
• Professional judgment must be exercised in
  devising a storage system which properly
  separates incompatible chemicals in any
  particular laboratory but, in general, chemicals
  in each of these incompatible classes should be
  stored separately.

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GSG - SLP - Storage of Chemicals

• Separation of Incompatible Chemicals
• For Inorganic Acids and Bases
• Store acids and bases separately from other
  chemicals
• Provide a secondary means to contain a liquid
  spill
• Exercise care when removing acids or bases or
  returning them to storage as mixing of acids and
  bases can generate a good deal of heat

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GSG - SLP - Storage of Chemicals

• Separation of Incompatible Chemicals
• For Solvents
• Store solvents separately from other chemicals,
  where possible in a flammable liquid cabinet
• Follow University policy regarding container size
  and laboratory volume limit
• Provide a secondary means of containment to
  control a liquid spill, if solvents are stored
  outside of a flammable liquid cabinet

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GSG - SLP - Storage of Chemicals

• For Solvents continued
• Protect solvents from exposure to flames or other
  sources of heat
• Store acetic acid as a flammable liquid rather
  than an acid.

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GSG - SLP - Storage of Chemicals

• For Dangerously Reactive Chemicals
• Store reactive chemicals with regard for their
  reactive properties well separated from
  incompatible chemicals.
• For Oxidizers
• Store oxidizers separately from combustible
  materials and particularly from reducing agents
• Store perchloric acid as an oxidizer rather than
  as an acid

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GSG - SLP Moving Chemicals

• Between University Buildings
• Laboratory staff or students should not move
  chemicals between University buildings without
  authorization
• Federal government regulations require that only
  staff who have received TDG training may ship
  chemicals

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GSG - SLP Moving Chemicals

• Within University Buildings
• Care is needed to prevent accidents while moving
  chemicals within a building and particularly
  through public areas
• Exercise extreme care if you must use an elevator
  to move chemicals
• Elevator cars as so confined, a spill or leak of
  a chemical could result in a severe exposure
• In addition, a liquid spill could contaminate the
  entire elevator shaft

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GSG - SLP Moving Chemicals

• To Move Chemicals Safely within the University
  Buildings
• Use a cart to move chemicals in containers larger
  than can be easily carried in one hand
• Move liquids in a leak proof secondary container
• Move inorganic acids and other corrosive liquids
  in "rubber buckets"

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GSG - SLP Moving Chemicals

• Moving chemicals, as received in the supplier's
  original shipping package, is permitted
• Be careful using elevators or stairs to move
  chemicals

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General Safety Guidelines

• Equipment Safety
• There are four fundamental elements of equipment
  safety
• use the correct equipment
• know how to operate the equipment
• inspect the equipment
• use the equipment properly

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GSG Equipment Safety

• Use equipment for its intended purpose only
• Do not modify or adapt equipment without guidance
  from the equipment manufacturer
• Do not defeat, remove, or override equipment
  safety devices
• Working in a laboratory requires various types of
  equipment

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GSG Equipment Safety

• To ensure equipment safety, you must be familiar
  with the following
• Equipment operation
• Applicable safeguards
• Maintenance requirements
• Always inspect equipment before using it

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GSG Equipment Safety

• Ensure that the equipment meets the following
  requirements
• Controls and safeguards are adequate and
  functional
• Location is safe (and well-ventilated, if
  necessary)
• Equipment works properly

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GSG Equipment Safety

• IMPORTANT
• Disconnect any equipment that is unsafe
• or does not work properly, tag it, and
• remove it from service.
• Notify other users of the problem.

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Responding to Laboratory Emergencies

• Responding to a Fire
• Dealing with Chemical Spills
• First Aid for Chemical Exposures

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Responding to Laboratory Emergencies

• IMPORTANT
• Review all the emergency response
• procedures with your supervisor
• PRIOR to commencing work
• specifically, spill response, fire and
• first aid.

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Responding to Laboratory Emergencies

• Responding to a Fire
• Prompt response to a fire is the key to
  preventing injury and property damage
• The primary consideration is to prevent injury

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RLE Responding to a Fire

• Ryersons Procedure If You Discover a Fire
• Exercise good judgment in deciding whether to
  attempt to extinguish the fire or not, withthe
  fire protection equipment available.
• If in doubt, leave the fire scene, close all
  doors, and activate the nearest pullbox.
• Call Security by dialing 80 from a safe location,
  and give all the pertinent facts.

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RLE Responding to a Fire

• Ryersons Procedure If You Discover a Fire
• Leave the building by the nearest safe exit.
• Do not use elevators.
• Stand outside the building to direct the Fire
  Department and/or Security to the exact location
  of the fire.
• You should be familiar with the evacuation policy
  (www.ryerson.ca/cehsm/policies/index.htm

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Responding to Laboratory Emergencies

• Dealing with Chemical Spills
• Chemical spills are common laboratory accidents
  to which all staff and students should be
  prepared to respond
• Planning ahead and equipping the laboratory with
  the required equipment usually ensures a quick,
  safe and effective response

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RLE Dealing with Chemical Spills

• Spill response requires a knowledge of the
  physical, chemical and toxicological properties
  of spilled chemicals
• When a spill occurs, laboratory occupants must
  immediately assess the situation to see if the
  spill has created a serious or even
  life-threatening situation requiring an immediate
  building evacuation

87
RLE Dealing with Chemical Spills

• A spill of a few millilitres of a solvent may not
  present a major hazard
• A spill of an appreciable volume of a flammable
  liquid might call for a building evacuation

88
RLE Dealing with Chemical Spills

• For example, a spill of 4 L of a volatile,
  flammable liquid in a small room might well
  produce vapour levels in the flammable range. A
  spark, a flame or even a hot surface could cause
  a fire that might engulf the room
• A total evacuation might also be required in the
  event of a leak of an appreciable quantity of a
  flammable or toxic gas

89
RLE Dealing with Chemical Spills

• Most departments should have spill kits which
  contain absorbents, protective equipment and a
  selection of small tools for use in responding to
  small chemicals spills
• Information on the location of these spill kits
  and a list of the contents is available from your
  Departmental office

90
RLE Dealing with Chemical Spills

• If the spill or leak is significant and there is
  risk of fire, explosion or toxic levels of
  Airborne contamination
• Immediately evacuate the area, stopping the leak
  only if it is safe to do so
• Close doors behind you
• Warn others in the area to evacuate
• Sound the building alarm
• Call Security by dialing 80

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RLE Dealing with Chemical Spills

• If you feel confident of your ability to deal
  with the spill and you are sure that you and
  others in the building are not in danger
• Stop the source of the leak or spill
• Provide ventilation
• Extinguish sources of ignition
• Wear protective equipment including lab coat,
  impervious gloves, safety glasses or goggles,
  face shields, aprons, and shoe covers or
  impervious boots as needed

92
RLE Dealing with Chemical Spills

• Contain the spill
• Neutralize or treat the spill to reduce the
  hazard
• Collect liquid spills using clay or commercial
  absorbent products
• Store waste for proper disposal

93
Responding to Laboratory Emergencies

• First Aid for Chemical Exposures
• The first aid provider should first quickly
  assess the situation to ensure that, in trying to
  help, he or she is not at risk
• Although many minor injuries can await the
  arrival of medical assistance, some require
  immediate action
• Excessive bleeding, person has stopped breathing,
  splash or spill of corrosive chemical

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What-not-to-do Laboratory
95
University Contacts
96
Contacts within the University

• Julia Lewis, Associate Dir, CEHSSM, x 6270
• Cate Drum, EHS Officer, CEHSM, x 7086
• Liz Krivonosov, CBR Safety Officer, CEHSM, 4212
• Carrol Scanlan, Univ. Insurance Officer, x 5013
• Departmental Safety Officer (DSO)
• Faculty Advisor/Principal Investigator
• Lab Technician
• Technical Expert
• Co-ordinator, Manager, Chair/Academic Director

97
Centre for EHS Mgmt

• Services
• Consulting
• Technical Assessments
• Auditing
• Investigations
• Training
• Website
• www.ryerson.ca/cehsm

98
Resources

• Books/Materials
• Links to websites

99
Resources

• Bretherick L., Hazards in the Chemical
  Laboratory, 4th ed. Royal Chemical Society,
  London, 1986
• Prudent Practices in the Laboratory, National
  Research Council, National Academy Press,
  Washington, DC, 1995.
• www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/prudent/
• Laboratory Safety Handbook, The Chemical
  Institute of Canada, Ottawa, ON, 1984.

100
Resources

• Laboratory Biosafety Guidelines, Health Welfare
  Canada and Medical Research Council of Canada,
  Minister of Supply and Services Canada, 1990.
• Furr A.K., Handbook of Laboratory Safety,. 3rd ed
  CRC Press, Cleveland OH, 1990.
• Ryerson Website www.ryerson.ca/ohs
• Centre for Disease Control and Prevention
  www.cdc.gov/od/ohs/manual/labsfty.htm

101
Resources

• University of Texas
• Laboratory Safety
• www.utexas.edu/business/oehs/lab/labman/toc.html
• Texas AM University
• Laboratory Safety Inspection Checklist
• http//ehsd-online.tamu.edu/programs/laboratory/la
  boratory.htm
• Oklahoma State University Laboratory
  Environmental Audit Form
• www.pp.okstate.edu/ehs/HAZMAT/Labaudit.htm

102
Resources

• NIOSH Pocket Guide to Hazardous Materials
• www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/pgdstart.html
• University of Kansas
• Laboratory Safety Manual
• www.ehs.ukans.edu/documents/LSM1.html
• Dalhousie University
• Laboratory Safety Manual
• http//is.dal.ca/ehs/lab1.htm

103
Resources

• Carleton University
• Laboratory Health Safety Manual
• www.carleton.ca/ehs/lsm1.htm
• Spill Kits
• www.carleton.ca/ehs/lsmapp8.htm
• Warning Unattended Procedure in Operation
• www.carleton.ca/ehs/lsmapp13.htm