Woods office hours this week BRL005

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Woods office hours this week (BRL005) Monday 12
- 2 Tuesday 1 2 Wed none Thursday 12 2 Friday
none Rosenzweig review Th evening. Woods
Fishman review F evening 5 7 (location TBA)
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• About how long did the last person live to whom
  all present-day peoplecan trace their
  mitochondrial lineages (how long ago lived the
  very greatgrandmother of everyone alive today)?
• 32,000 years
• 150,000 years
• 3.2 million years
• 6 million years
• 65 million years

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• Which of the following series is in the correct
  temporal order (fromoldest to most recent)
• KT boundary, end-Permian extinction, human-chimp
  lineages split,Lucy lived, first wave of hominid
  migration out of Africa
• End-Permian extinction, KT boundary, first wave
  of hominid migration out ofAfrica, human-chimp
  lineages split, Lucy lived
• Formation of the Earth, KT boundary, Lucy lived,
  human-chimplineages split, swine flu emerges in
  Mexico
• Origin of flowering plants, KT boundary,
  human-chimp lineages split,Lucy lived,
  Neandertals lived

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Today

• Unique (?) human traits
• Sophisticated tools
• Language
• Big brains
• Genetic changes underlying these traits

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Oldowan tools (2.6 million to 1.5 million years
ago)
Who made them?
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Acheulean tools From 1.6 mya to 100,000 years
ago.
Homo ergaster H. erectus, very early H. sapiens
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What does it take to make tools? Finer motor
control.
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Today

• Unique (?) human traits
• Sophisticated tools
• Language
• Big brains
• Genetic changes underlying these traits

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Problem languages dont fossilize, so we must
use circumstantial evidence Possible dates for
the origin of language oldest unequivocally
arbitrary symbols cave paintings in Germany
France that are 32,000 years old
colonization of Australia 40,000 50,000 years
ago boat builders must have used language
sudden increase in sophistication of H. sapiens
artifacts about 150,000 years agolanguage?
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Today

• Unique (?) human traits
• Sophisticated tools
• Language
• Big brains
• Genetic changes underlying these traits

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(No Transcript)
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Today

• Unique (?) human traits
• Sophisticated tools
• Language
• Big brains
• Genetic changes underlying these traits

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Chimpanzees are the closest living relatives of
humans and share nearly 99 percent of our
DNA. Efforts to identify those regions of the
human genome that have changed the most since
chimps and humans diverged from a common
ancestor have helped pinpoint the DNA sequences
that make us human. The findings have also
provided vital insights into how chimps and
humans can differ so profoundly, despite having
nearly identical DNA blueprints.
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One example of a new region identified
bygenomics human accelerated region 1 (HAR1)
-118 base pairs (18 different between H
C) -doesnt code for protein rather RNA -gene
active in a type of neuron that playsa key role
in the layout and pattern of developing brain.
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Another example FOXP2 -involved in speech,
subtle facial movements -changes in both primary
sequence and regulation in humans -modern human
sequence found in NeandertalfossilsNeandertal
speech?
Other examples genes controlling brain
size ASPM, MCPH1, CDK5RAP2, CENPJ -disruption
causes microcephaly -bursts of evolution in
these genes in the human lineage since the
chimp-human split
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Example of a gene involved in wrist
thumbformation during development HAR2