Network Hardware

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• Network Hardware

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Network Topologies

• Bus
• Devices connected to each other via bus
• Passive topology
• Requires terminators to prevent signal bounce
• Advantages / Disadvantages-refer to previous
  lecture notes
• Star
• All devices connected to central hub
• Advantages / Disadvantages-refer to previous
  lecture notes

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Star-Bus Topology
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Ring Topology

• Nodes connected to each other in a circle
• One or more tokens
• Active topology
• Advantages / Disadvantages-refer to previous
  lecture notes

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Mesh Topology

• Each node connected to all other nodes (or most
  other nodes)
• Redundancy provides reliability
• Used in WANs not LANs

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Logical Topologies

• Regardless of how nodes connected, logical
  topologies describe how they communicate
• Ethernet
• Most common logical topology
• CSMA/CD-refer previous notes
• Collisions and collision domains

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Logical Topologies

• Token Ring
• Nodes take turns controlling the token
• No collisions
• Active monitor
• FDDI-refer previous notes

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Networking Hardware
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Network Interface Card

• Is called NIC
• Responsible for serial-parallel conversion
• Unique MAC address
• Media Access Control
• Hardware address, assigned at factory
• Identified by
• Network type (100baseT, Wireless, etc.)
• Slot type
• PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect, a local
  bus standard developed by Intel Corporation.
• ISA Industry Standard Architecture bus
• Type of media connection

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NIC
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NIC
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Signal Repeater

• Clean up and regenerate signal
• Devices Repeater, hub
• Counter attenuation
• Unintelligent retransmit signal to all devices

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Signal repeaters Hub and repeater
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HUBMulti-port repeater
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Hub

• Simple way to connect multiple nodes
• Can enlarge network by connecting hubs (uplink)
• Might contain management tools

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Bridge

• Has 2 ports each attached to a different
  segment of the network
• Segments network by learning MAC address
• Makes decisions to allow/disallow packets to pass
• Networks are segmented to
• Reduce collision domain
• Improve security
• More intelligent than repeaters hubs

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Collision Domain

• A group of connected devices that compete for
  network access.
• Only one can transmit at a time
• When more than one tries to transmit, a collision
  occurs
• Too many collisions affect network performance.

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Switch

• Multiport bridge
• Uses MAC address
• Can connect multiple devices
• Creates multiple collision domains
• Have basically replaced hubs

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Switch
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Switch
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Switches
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Switch
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Switch
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Switch
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Wireless Access Point

• Wireless Access Point
• Provide access wired ?? wireless
• Wireless switch
• 802.11 a 54 Mbps
• 802.11 b 11 Mbps (WiFi)
• 802.11 g 54 Mbps
• 802.11 n 108 Mbps
• Bluetooth 1 Mbps

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Router

• Segments network based on IP address
• Makes intelligent decisions on how to route
  packet based on IP network address

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Router
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Router
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Router
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Router
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Network Address Translation

• NAT (sometimes called NATting)
• Used to allow internal, private addresses to
  communicate with the Internet
• Addresses translated private ?? public
• Requires a device (such as a router) to support

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Gateways

• Connect dissimilar network types
• Wireless access point or router(wireless to
  wired)
• Internet gateways(internal to external networks)

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Assignment

• List out networking hardware.
• Give a brief description about gateways.
• Give a brief description about routers.
• Give a brief description about bridges.
• Give a brief description about hubs.
• Give a brief description about NICs.
• Give a brief description about switches.