An Introduction

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An Introduction

• ASTM International Standards for Biofuels
• September 2006

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• Curtis P. Williams
• Georgia Dept. of Agriculture
• State Oil Lab
• Membership Secretary for Subcommittee D02.A on
  Gasoline and Oxygenated Fuels

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Todays Presentation

• Introduce ASTMs standardization concepts
• Provide an overview of ASTM International
• Introduce Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and
  Lubricants
• Open the discussion to your questions

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ASTM Standardization Concepts
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ASTM Standardization Concept

• A decentralized system
• ASTMs technical committees make the decisions
• ASTM provides an open forum and an administrative
  framework

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ASTM Standardization Concept

• Partnership of the public and private sector

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ASTM Standardization Concept

• The system is open

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ASTM Standardization Concept

• A balance of interests exists

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ASTM Standardization Concept

• ASTMs standards are voluntary
• Standards are only mandatory when cited in
  regulation or called out in a contract

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ASTM Standardization Concept

• Marketplace orientation
• Reflects changes in technology

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Overview of ASTM International
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About ASTM International

• Organized in 1898
• Independent, private sector, not-for-profit
• Provides a global forum for the development of
  voluntary, consensus standards and promotion of
  related knowledge
• Does not provide certification or accreditation

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About ASTM International

• Headquarters near Philadelphia
• Staff of 170
• Offices in
• Washington, DC
• Mexico City, Mexico
• Beijing, China (China Standards and Conformity
  Assessment office)

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ASTM Standards are International

• ASTM complies with the principles identified in
  the World Trade Organizations, Technical
  Barriers to Trade Agreement, document G/TBT/1/REV
  8 Section IX.
• Transparency ? Relevance
• Openness ? Coherency
• Impartiality and consensus
• Consideration of the concerns of developing
  countries

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ASTM Standards are International

• ASTM standards are used around the world
• ASTM standards are developed by technical experts
  from around the world
• 46 members from Brazil participate as active
  members on many ASTM Committees including D02 on
  Petroleum Products and Lubricants

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ASTM Serves Multiple
Sectors, Including

• Metals
• Petroleum and Lubricants
• Environment
• Air, soil and water
• Construction Materials
• Consumer Products
• Biotechnology

• Plastics
• Road and Paving
• Medical and Surgical Materials and Devices
• Textiles
• Nanotechnology
• Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology

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ASTMs Product

• Over 12,000 standards published annually
• Related publications
• Related training and laboratory cross-check
  testing programs

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The ASTM Structure

• 30,000 Members
• 128 countries represented
• 90 industry sectors represented
• 138 Technical committees
• 2,200 Subcommittees
• Thousands of task groups

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• Introduction to ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
  Products and Lubricants

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About Committee D02s Work

• Committee D02 develops test methods and
  specifications for
• Liquid fuels from petroleum, liquid and
  semi-liquid lubricants, hydraulic fluids, gaseous
  or liquid hydrocarbons, petrolatum and petroleum
  wax, additives that affect the characteristics of
  fuel, biodegradation, ecotoxicity, and
  bioaccumulation of petroleum products

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Committee D02

• Includes over 1,500 members from 52 countries
• Developer of over 650 petroleum standards that
  have helped to provide heat for homes, fuel for
  automobiles and airplanes, and lubricants for
  machinery
• Sponsor of numerous technical publications,
  laboratory quality assurance programs and
  technical and professional training courses,
  workshops, and symposia

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Committee D02

• Committee D02 helps to promote a cleaner,
  safer environment by
  creating specifications, test methods, practices,
  and guides that address the need for alternative,
  environmentally friendly fuels.
• Refiners, automobile manufacturers, engine
  manufactures, ethanol producers, biodiesel
  producers, equipment and apparatus vendors,
  governments, academia, Department of Defense and
  others from around the world participate in the
  standards activities of the Committee.

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Technical Committee Structure
MAIN Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and
Lubricants
Subcommittee .93 Quality Assurance and
Statistics
Subcommittee .J Aviation Fuels
Subcommittee .08 Volatility
Subcommittee .03 Elemental Analysis
Subcommittee .90 Executive
Many subcommittees and sections / task groups
Sections / TGs on
Sections / TGs on
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Product Subcommittees

• A. Gasoline and Oxygenated Fuels
• B. Automotive Lubricants
• C. Turbine Fuels
• D. Hydrocarbon for Chemical and Special Uses
• E. Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine and
  Marine Fuels
• F. Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products
• G. Lubricating Greases
• H. Liquified Petroleum Gases
• J. Aviation Fuels
• L. Industrial Lubricants
• N. Hydraulic Fluids
• P. Recycled Petroleum Products

• 12 Product
• subcommittees
• Specifications
• Performance
• Testing

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Properties Subcommittees

• 1. Combustion Characteristics
• 2. Static Petroleum Measurement
• 3. Elemental Analysis
• 4. Hydrocarbon Analysis
• 5. Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and
  Carbon Materials
• 6. Analysis of Lubricants
• 7. Flow Properties
• 8. Volatility
• 9. Oxidation
• 10. Properties of Petroleum Wax
• 11. Engineering Science of High Performance
  Fluids Solids
• 12. Environmental Standards for Lubricants
• 14. Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels
• 25. Performance Assessment and Validation of
  Process Stream
• Analyzer Systems for Petroleum and
  Petroleum Products

• 14 Properties Subcommittees
• Test Methods
• for Properties
• Measurements

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Coordinating Subcommittees

• 92. Interlaboratory Crosscheck Programs
• 93. International Standards and Related
  Activities
• 94. Quality Assurance and Statistics
• 95. Terminology
• 96. In-Service Lubricant Testing and
  Condition Monitoring Services

5 Coordinating Subcommittees
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D02 Interlaboratory Crosscheck Program

• Provides laboratories with a statistical quality
  assurance tool enabling them to compare their
  performance in the use of ASTM test methods
  against other labs worldwide
• 20 petroleum related programs such as gear oil,
  aviation fuel, automatic transmission fluid,
  engine oil lubricants, motor gasoline,
  reformulated gasoline, low-sulfur diesel,
  BIODIESEL, 2 diesel, engine oil lubricants
• Over 2,300 laboratories participate from 74
  countries
• Very active participation from Petrobras across
  many programs

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D02 Technical and Professional Training

• Provides training on the use and implementation
  of ASTM standards. Conducted around the world
  by technical experts familiar with the ASTM
  standards
• Aviation fuel
• Gasoline
• Marine fuel
• Fuel and Diesel Technology
• Crude Oil

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Ethanol Standards

• Subcommittee D02.A on Gasoline and Oxygenated
  Fuels
• Over 260 members that include
  participation from more than 20 countries
• Active participation from Petrobras
• Ethanol standards included in scope of D02.A

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Ethanol Specifications

• D5797, Specification for Fuel methanol (M70-M85)
  for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
• Covers a fuel blend, nominally 70 to 85 volume
  methanol and 30 to 14 volume hydrocarbons for
  use in ground vehicles with automotive
  spark-ignition engines

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D4806, Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol
for Blending with Gasoline for Use as Automotive
Spark-Ignition Engine FuelCovers nominally
anhydrous denatured fuel ethanol intended to be
blended at up to 10 volume with unleaded
gasoline for use as a spark-ignition automotive
engine fuel
Ethanol Specifications
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Ethanol Specifications

• D5798, Specification for Fuel Ethanol (Ed75
  Ed-85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
• Covers a fuel blend, nominally 75 to 85 volume
  denatured fuel ethanol and 25 to 15 additional
  volume hydrocarbon use in ground vehicles with
  automotive spark-ignition engines designed to use
  such a fuel

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Biodiesel Standards

• Subcommittee D02.E on Diesel Fuel
• Over 290 members that include participation from
  17 countries
• Active participation from Petrobras
• Biodiesel standards included in scope of D02.E

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Biodiesel Standards

• D6751 Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel
  Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
• Specification covers biodiesel fuel blend
  stock(B100) Grades S15 and S500 for use as a
  blend component with diesel fuel oils defined by
  Specification D 975 Grades 1-D, 2-D, and low
  sulfur 1-D and 2-D. Biodiesel may be blended
  with fuel oils whose sulfur or aromatic levels
  are outside Specification D 975 Grades 1-D, 2-D,
  and low sulfur 1-D and 2-D, provided the finished
  mixture meets pertinent national and local
  specifications and requirements for these
  properties.

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Subcommittee E48.05 on Biomass Conversion

• Scope includes test methods for characterizing
  wood, grasses and other celluosics and practices
  for converting cellulose feedstocks to fuels by
  enzymes, yeasts and pyrolysis.

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Subcommittee E48.05 on Biomass Conversion

• 17 approved standards including E869 Test
  Method for Performance Evaluation of Fuel Ethanol
  Manufacturing Facilities
• Test is applicable for all starch, sugar, and
  combination starch/sugar based fermentable
  feedstocks. Method is applicable to both batch
  and continuous fuel ethanol manufacturing
  processes.

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Committee Meetings

• Committee D02 (and its related subcommittees)
  usually meets twice annually
• Meetings are open for anyone to attend (members
  and visitors)
• Many subcommittees/ task groups use virtual
  meetings

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ASTM Balloting Process
COMMITTEE ON STANDARDS
SOCIETY MAIN COMMITTEE D02 60 Return 90
Approval
The ASTM standards development process is driven
from the bottom up, by the technical experts. In
the balloting process extensive consideration is
given to negative votes. Standards are not
approved until all negatives are resolved.
SUBCOMMITTEE 60 Affirmative 2/3 approval
SECTION / TASK GROUP
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ASTM International

• Standards development is the chief task of
  ASTMs committees and subcommittees
• Members and non-members determine the need for
  new standards, revisions activities.
• Voting is a members opportunity to influence the
  content of the standard.
• Participation is possible using electronic tools

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How can you benefit from ASTM?

• Easy access to information
• Opportunity to influence the content of standards
• Learn about the latest technology (and your
  competitors)
• Establish a global network
• Reference and use existing standards avoid
  duplication of effort in developing and
  maintaining standards

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www.astm.org
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Thank you for the opportunity to present
information from ASTM on standards activities
related to biofuels.
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ASTM International looks forward to building
cooperative relationships with Brazil.
For more information please contact

• David Bradley
• Director, ASTM Proficiency Testing Programs and
• Staff Manager to Committee D02
• 1-610-832-9681
• dbradley_at_astm.org