ROLES and Functions II

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Air Space Functions
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• If you are an AIRMAN
• then you believe that airpower,
• if used in certain ways,
• will achieve victory
• more quickly than if used
• in other ways.

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Overview

• Levels of Air Space Doctrine
• Functions of Air Space Power
• Strategic Attack
• Counterair
• Counterspace
• Counterland
• Countersea
• Information Operations

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Air Space Functions

• Functions of Air Space Power
• Combat Support
• Command and Control
• Airlift
• Air Refueling
• Spacelift
• Special Operations
• Surveillance and Reconnaissance
• Intelligence
• Combat Search and Rescue

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• Levels of Air Space Doctrine
• Basic
• Operational
• Tactical

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3 Levels of Doctrine

• Basic Doctrine (AFDD 1)
• Most fundamental and enduring beliefs that guide
  proper use of air space forces
• NOT a checklist or scientific formula

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3 Levels of Doctrine

• Operational Doctrine (AFDD 2)
• More detailed organization of air space forces
• Tactical Doctrine
• Most detailed
• Codified in AFTTP 3-series (Air Force Tactics,
  Techniques, and Procedures)

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Strategic Attack

• strategic attackgenerating effects that most
  directly achieve our national security objectives
  by affecting the adversarys leadership, conflict
  sustaining resources and strategy. (pg
  185)
• Points where
• the enemy is most
  vulnerable
• an attack will have the
  best chance of being
  decisive.

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Strategic Attack

• Striking enemy in the core
• (you dont have to fight the fielded forces
  to get to these targets)
• Bring enemy to their knees
• Stop enemys will to fight

• Possible strategic attack targets
• Infrastructure
• Command control (C2)
• War production facilities
• National leadership

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Counterair

• ... attain and maintain...air superiority by the
  destruction, degradation or disruption of enemy
  forces

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COUNTERAIR

• Offensive Counterair (OCA)
• Take the fight to the enemy
• Engage over or near their territory
• Defensive Counterair (DCA)
• Enemy brings the fight to you
• Engage over or near our territory

• DCA has not been very effective, historically

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Counterair Targets
AIRBASES OR LAUNCH FACILITIES

• If the aircraft cant be flown, theyre not a
  threat
• Very efficient way to destroy aircraft
• Lower threat on the ground
• 1967 Arab/Israeli war85
• Hickam Field (7 Dec 41)
• Can also attack logistics
• POL, munitions, runways
• air traffic control tower, etc

theyre a static display
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Impact of Counterair

• Traditional ground war defense gtgtgt
  offense

• Air war offense gt defense
• Ability to mass quickly and decisively
• Speed prevents effective enemy defensive
• response
• Range (Air can strike at enemys core)

SURPRISE
B-52
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Potential Counterair Targets

• Aircraft
• Aircrews
• Airbases and launch facilities
• Warning and control facilities
• Surface based air defense

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Counterair Targets
AIRCRAFT

• Traditional role most people think about
• Using aircraft to hunt down other aircraft on the
  ground to destroy them before they launch
• Air-to-Air Combat (Dog fighting)
• Good opportunity to destroy both crews and
  airframes
• Can be extremely dangerous for aircrews and air
  frames

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Counterair Targets
AIRCREWS

• You need someone to fly the plane!
• Cost time to train a pilot are very significant
• Attack in the air
• Attack on the ground

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Airbases Or Launch Facilities

• If the aircraft cant be flown, theyre not a
  threat
• Very efficient way to destroy aircraft
• (on the ground)
• Can attack logistics
• POL, munitions, etc

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Warning And Control Facilities

• Effectively eliminate the enemys ability to
  think, communicate, or gather intelligence
• Render enemy deaf, dumb, and blind...
• Information Warfare
• Disrupt enemy information capabilities
• Enemy incapable of mounting coordinated defense
  effort

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Counterair Targets
SURFACE BASED AIR DEFENSES

• Surface to air missiles (SAMs)
• Anti-Aircraft Artillery (AAA)
• Extremely lethal to aircraft

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COUNTERSPACE

• ... kinetic and non-kinetic operations conducted
  to attain and maintain...space superiority by the
  destruction, degradation or disruption of enemy
  space capability

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COUNTERSPACE

• Offensive Counterspace (OCS)
• Deny, degrade, disrupt, destroy or deceive an
  adversarys space capability.
• Destroy or neutralize enemys space
• systems or information they provide.
• OIF/six GPS jammers
• Defensive Counterspace (DCS)
• Active passive actions which protect
• our space-related capabilities from enemy
• attack or interference.

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Counterspace

• Offensive Counterspace
• Deception
• Disruption
• Denial
• Degradation
• Destruction

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Counterspace

• Defensive Counterspace
• Active passive actions which protect our
  space-related capabilities from enemy attack or
  interference

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Counterland

• air and space operations against enemy land
  force capabilities to create effects that achieve
  JFC objectives.

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Counterland

• Interdiction

• Close Air Support
• (CAS)

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Counterland
INTERDICTION

• Divert, disrupt, delay or destroy the enemys
  surface military potential before it can be used
  effectively against friendly forces.
• Two types of targets for interdiction attacks
• Military weapon systems (tanks/artillery/infantry)
  
• Military supplies (POL)

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Counterland Interdiction

• One of airpowers most flexible and powerful uses
• Strike at enemy forces w/o having to fight them
• Disrupts enemys
  offensive operations
• Very powerful
  force enhancer

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Counterland
CLOSE AIR SUPPORT

• Air operations against hostile targets in close
  proximity to friendly forces
• Occurs on or near battlefield

• Provides direct support of friendly surface
  forces
• Can seriously disrupt enemys will to fight!

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Countersea (Collateral Function)

• ...extensions of Air Force functions
• into a maritime environment
• Objective
• Gain control of the medium
• Support naval forces
• Can include Surveillance,
• antiship warfare, protect
• sealines, aerial mine laying

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Information OperationsTypes Of Operations

• Influence operations

• Electronic warfare operations
• Network combat operations

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Information Operations

• Actions taken to influence, affect, or defend
  information, systems, and/or decision-making to
  create effects across the battlespace (pg 190)
• Focus countering the
• enemys ability to attain
• an information advantage

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Information Operations

• Influence operations employ capabilities to
  affect behaviors, protect operations, communicate
  commanders intent, and project accurate
  information to achieve desired effects across the
  cognitive battlespace.
• Electronic warfare operations are those military
  actions involving the use of electromagnetic and
  directed energy to control the electromagnetic
  spectrum or to attack the enemy across the
  electromagnetic battlespace.

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Information Operations

• Network combat operations are the integrated
  planning and employment of military capabilities
  to achieve desired effects across the digital
  battlespace. Network combat operations are
  conducted in the information domain, which is
  composed of hardware, software, data, and human
  components.

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Combat Support

• essential capabilities, functions, activities
  and tasks necessary to create and sustain air and
  space forces.

• Includes
• procurement, maintenance,
• distribution, and replacement of
• personnel and material

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Command Control (C2)

• exercise of authority and direction by a
  properly designated commander over assigned and
  attached forces

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Command Control (C2)

• C2 includes the battlespace management process of
  planning, directing, coordinating, and
  controlling forces operations
• Accomplished across the entire range of military
  operations

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Airlift

• The transportation of personnel and material
  through the air and can be applied across the
  entire range of military operations to achieve or
  support national objectives.

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Airlift

• Its critical in the support of overall national
  policy and objectives and a vital component of
  the US defense policy because of the ability to
  deliver essentially anything needed for a battle.
  Our airlift capabilities are second to none!

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Airlift

• Four delivery concepts
• Airland delivery
• Airdrop
• Hub and Spoke operations
• Direct delivery operations

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Air Refueling

• Air refueling is the in-flight transfer of fuel
  between tanker and receiver aircraft

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Air Refueling

• Expands commanders employment options by
  increasing
• Range
• Payload
• Loiter time
• Flexibility
• By increasing range it is a force enabler
• By increasing payload it is a force multiplier

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Spacelift

• Delivers satellites, payloads, and material to or
  through space.

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4 Purposes of Spacelift

• Deploy space systems
• Sustain existing space systems
• Augment existing space systems
• Service and maintain existing/new space systems

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Special Operations Employment

• The use of special airpower operations to
  conduct unconventional warfare, direct action,
  special reconnaissance, counterterrorism, foreign
  internal defense, psychological operations, and
  counterproliferation

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Special Ops Employment

• Accomplish tasks at all levels of war
• Low-visibility, covert, clandestine ops
• Usually conducted in enemy-controlled or
  politically sensitive territories

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Special Operations Employment

• Accomplish tasks at all 3 levels of war
• Low-visibility, covert, clandestine ops
• Usually conducted in enemy-controlled or
  politically sensitive territories
• Used as means to control escalation
• Conventional force use may be undesirable
• Can operate independently from theater commander
  forces
• Require careful coordination!

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Surveillance

• The function of systematically observing air,
  space, surface/subsurface areas, places, persons,
  or things by visual, aural
• electronic, photographic or other means

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Surveillance

• A continuing process!
• Not oriented toward a specific target
• Air- space-based surveillance assets exploit
  elevation
• Detects enemy initiatives at long range

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Reconnaissance

• obtaining specific information about the
  activities and resources of an enemy through
  visual observation or other detection methods or
  by securing data concerning the meteorological,
  hydrographic, or geographic characteristics of a
  particular area.

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Reconnaissance

• Surveillance Reconnaissance must operate
  together to ensure proper Intelligence!

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Intelligence

• product resulting from the collection,
  processing, integration, analysis, evaluation,
  and interpretation of available information
  concerning foreign countries or areas.
  

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Intelligence

• The overall objective of intelligence is to
  provide battlespace awareness to commanders and
  combat forces to enable them to successfully
  plan, operate, and assess results across the
  range of military operations.
• Provides
• Indications of enemy intentions
• Guides decisions on how, when, where to engage
  enemy
• Gives commanders
• Best estimate of enemy capabilities
• COGs
• Courses of action

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Combat Search Rescue

• a specific task performed by rescue forces to
  recover isolated personnel during war or military
  operations short of war.

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Combat Search Rescue

• Key element in sustaining morale, cohesion, and
  war-fighting capability of friendly forces
• Denies enemy potential intel sources
• Preserves combat resources

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Summary

• Levels of Air Space Doctrine
• Functions of Air Space Power
• Strategic Attack
• Counterair
• Counterspace
• Counterland
• Countersea
• Information Operations
• Combat Support
• Command Control (C2)

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Summary

• Airlift
• Air Refueling
• Spacelift
• Special Operations Employment
• Intelligence
• Surveillance and Reconnaissance
• Combat Search Rescue

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ANY QUESTIONS?