Currency Futures and Options Markets

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Currency Futures and Options Markets

• Chapter 7

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PART I.FUTURES CONTRACTS

• I. CURRENCY FUTURES
• A. Background
• 1. 1972 Chicago Mercantile
• Exchange (CME) opens
• International Monetary Market(IMM)

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FUTURES CONTRACTS

• 2. IMM provides
• a. an outlet for hedging currency
• risk with futures contracts, or
  specualting, for smaller players.
• b. Definition
• contracts written requiring a standard
  quantity of an available currency at a fixed
  exchange rate at a set delivery date.

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• c. Available Futures Currencies
• 1.) British pound 5.) Mexican Peso
• 2.) Canadian dollar 6.) Japanese yen
• 3.) Euro FX 7.) Australian
• 4.) Swiss franc dollar

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FUTURES CONTRACTS

• d. Standard Quantity of Currency
• contract quantity sizes differ for
• each of the 7 available currencies.
• for Euro Euro 125,000
• for Yen Yen 12,500,000
• for Pound BP 62,500

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FUTURES CONTRACTS

• e. Transaction costs
• payment of commission to a trader
• (no bid and ask)
• f. Leverage is high
• 1.) Initial margin required is
• relatively low (less than 2 of
• contract value).

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FUTURES CONTRACTS

• g. Price movements and gains
• 1.) Contracts set to a daily price limit
  restricting maximum daily price movements.
• 2.) If limit is reached, a margin call may be
  necessary to maintain a minimum margin.
• 3.) Marked to market everyday

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FUTURES CONTRACTS

• h. Global futures exchanges
• 1.) I.M.M. International Monetary Market
• 2.) L.I.F.F.E.London International Financial
  Futures Exchange
• 3.) C.B.O.T. Chicago Board of Trade
• 4.) S.I.M.E.X.Singapore International
• Monetary Exchange
• 5.) D.T.B. Deutsche Termin Bourse
• 6.) H.K.F.E. Hong Kong Futures Exchange

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FUTURES CONTRACTS

• B. Forward vs. Futures Contracts
• Basic differences
• 1. Trading Locations 6. Settlement Date
• 2. Regulation 7. Quotes
• 3. Frequency of 8. Transaction
• delivery 9. Margins
• 4. Size of contract 10. Credit risk
• 5. Delivery dates

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FUTURES CONTRACTS

• Disadvantages of futures
• 1.) Limited to 7
• currencies
• 2.) Limited dates
• of delivery
• 3.) Rigid contract
• sizes.

• Advantages of futures
• 1.) Smaller contract size
• 2.) Easy liquidation
• 3.) Well- organized and stable
• market.

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PART IICURRENCY OPTIONS

• I. OPTIONS
• A. Currency options
• 1. offer another method to hedge exchange
  rate risk.
• 2. first offered on Philadelphia
• Exchange (PHLX).
• 3. fastest growing segment of
• the hedge markets.

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CURRENCY OPTIONS

• 4. Definition
• a contract from a writer ( the seller) that
  gives the right not the obligation to the
  holder (the buyer) to buy or sell a standard
  amount of an available currency at a fixed
  exchange rate for a fixed time
• period.

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CURRENCY OPTIONS

• 5. Types of Currency Options
• a. American
• exercise date may occur any
• time up to the expiration date.
• b. European
• exercise date occurs only at the
• expiration date.

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CURRENCY OPTIONS

• 7. Exercise Price
• a. Sometimes known as the
• strike price.
• b. The exchange rate at which the option
  holder can buy or sell the contracted
  currency.

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CURRENCY OPTIONS

• 8. Status of an option
• a. In-the-money
• Call Spot gt strike
• Put Spot lt strike
• b. Out-of-the-money
• Call Spot lt strike
• Put Spot gt strike
• c. At-the-money
• Spot the strike

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CURRENCY OPTIONS

• 9. The premium the price of an
• option that the writer charges the buyer.
• Seller takes on risk (unlimited loss),
• has to be compensated.

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CURRENCY OPTIONS

• B. Using Currency Options
• 1. For the firm hedging foreign
• exchange risk
• a. With sizable unrealized gains.
• b. With foreign currency flows
  forthcoming.
• 2. For speculators
• profit from favorable exchange
• rate changes.

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CURRENCY OPTIONS

• D. Using Forward, Futures Contracts, or Options
• Forward or futures contracts are
• more suitable for hedging a known
• amount of foreign currency flow.
• Options are for uncertain flows, and cost more
  (initially).

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CURRENCY OPTIONS

• E. Market Structure for Options
• a. Organized Exchanges
• standardized
• PHLX
• b. Over-the-counter
• retail for end users
• wholesale interbank