The Impact of Employment-Oriented Social Welfare Programs on Empowering Poor Women

1
The Impact of Employment-Oriented Social Welfare
Programs on Empowering Poor Women the South
Korean Case Boram Hwang (Professor, Pusan
National Univ, South Korea)   Youngmi Yoo
(Doctoral Student, Pusan National Univ, South
Korea) 33rd Global Conference of ICSW Tours,
France, June 30th to July 4th
2
Introduction Characteristics of Globalization
Globalization has three characteristics
in labor market
for poor women 1. Division of labor among
countries is dividing - underdeveloped
countries - labor-intensive, low wage,
low-tech
industry - advanced countries - finances,
investment,
high-tech information industry 2. The
increase in the instability of job
the insecurity
of income 3. The increase in the ratio of poor
women
3
Introduction Characteristics of Globalization
in
South Korea Case 1
Globalization poor women in Korea has following
characteristics 1. The ratio of poor women
workers is increasing 2. The increase of poor
women in the instability of job the
insecurity of income
4
Introduction Characteristics of Globalization
in
South Korea Case 2
The comparison of Income for 7 years is
following Part-timewomen(68.02)
lt Full-timewomen(108.57)
lt
Part-timemen(120.47)
    average income percentage gap of wage percentage
Employment Status Full-Time 155.37  (-) -
Employment Status Part-time 93.033  (60) 40.12
Employment Status by gender Full-Time men 178.28 (-) -
Employment Status by gender Full-Time women 108.57 (61) 39.10
Employment Status by gender Part-time men 120.47 (68) 32.40
Employment Status by gender Part-time women 68.02 (38) 61.80
  total 132.22 (74) 25.80
5
Introduction Characteristics of Globalization
in
South Korea Case 3
3. The increase in the number of women workers
who work in the small size sector
Employment status 1998 1998 1998 1998 2006 2006 2006 2006
Employment status Part-time Part-time Self-employed Self-employed Part-time Part-time Self-employed Self-employed
Firm size (person) m w m w m w m w w
Firm size (person) 59.3 40.7 70.5  29.5 50.6 49.4 61.9  38.1 38.1
 1 4 6.4 10.4 51.3 25.6 8.7 15.8 43.0 30.9  30.9 
5 9 5.9 5.8 13.6 3.2 7.8 9.8 13.8 5.8 5.8
 10 29 8.9 9.2 4.8  0.6 10.1  8.4 4.5 1.2  1.2 
 30 49 4.1 4.8 0.5 0.1 4.5 3.2 0.4 0.1  0.1 
 50 99 5.7 3.6 0.2 0.0 5.0 3.3 0.2  0.0  0.0 
 100 28.4 6.9 0.0 0.0 14.5 8.9 0.0 0.0  0.0 
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Introduction Background of the study
Korean women are more lively than before to
became poor
Research Question What extent are the
Social Welfare Policies effective in
decreasing such risks for women?
The evaluation whether social
welfare program for poor women was derived from
poverty or not is necessary
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Employment-Oriented Social Welfare Programs in
South Korea 1

• Employment Insurance
• unemployment benefits
• 2) re-employment training for unemployed female
  head of household
• 3) short-term job training  for housewife

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Employment-Oriented Social Welfare Programs in
South Korea 2

• 2. Public assistant program
• People on welfare executing from 2000 supports
  living on benefit to working poor
• It provide an opportunity in order to establish
  Self-Sufficient Program base of the poor
  throughout the network between welfare and
  employment by providing Self-Sufficient Program

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Employment-Oriented Social Welfare Programs in
South Korea 3

• 3. Social Employment Program
• Polarize trend of both labor market and society
  is necessary
• not only existing market economy or public
  economy
• but also social economy
• - So, Ministry of labor and private foundation
  for expelling poverty from the latter half of
  2003 are diversified and exploding

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Impact of Employment Insurance on poor women 1
1. Unemployment benefits  - men receiving
employment benefits and the other item
unaffected re-employment - women receiving
employment benefits has an (-) effect
because, it causes unselfness to
re-employment ltPossibility of re-employmentgt
variables total men women
receiving employment benefits -0.2734(0.19)  -0.0805(0.22) -0.8833(0.40)
House-hold  0.4608(0.34) -0.5781(0.83) 0.8708(0.4043)
number of child  0.1514(0.09) 0.0465(0.10)  0.3327(0.16)
N 2250 1550 700
-2 Log likelihood 885.219 1956.624 540.941
Sig 1716.27 1298.02 336.04
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Impact of Employment Insurance on poor women 2
2. Re-employment training
for unemployed female head of household
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Impact of Employment Insurance on poor women 3
3. Short-term job training for housewife
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Impact of public assistant program
on poor women 1

1. Percentage of women participants on
   self-sufficient program

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Impact of public assistant program
on poor women 2
2. Most women participate in nursing (over 90)
year Kind of business 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005
year Kind of business M W M W M W M W
Nursing 35  1,826 44 2,566 59 3,282 93 5,422
Nursing (1.9) (98.1) (1.7) (98.3) (1.8) (98.2) (1.7) (98.3)
House repair 875 396 1,062 572 1,201 652 1,492 759
House repair (68.8) (31.2) (65.0) (35.0) (64.8) (35.2) (66.3) (33.7)
Recycling 249 375 366 618 496 737 677 920
Recycling (39.9) (60.1) (37.2) (62.8) (40.2) (59.8) (42.4) (57.6)
Cleaning 278 476 341 728 421 1,130 626 1,513
Cleaning (36.9) (63.1) (31.9) (68.1) (27.1) (72.9) (29.3) (70.7)
Recycling perishable 70 39 43 26 45 27 62 21
Recycling perishable (64.2) (35.8) (62.3) (37.7) (62.5) (37.5) (74.7) (25.3)
total 1,507 3,112 1,856 4,510 2,222 5,828 2,950 8,635
total (32.6) (67.4) (29.2) (70.8) (27.6) (72.4) (25.5) (74.5)
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Impact of public assistant program
on poor women 3

• 3. Condition of women participants
• In case of nursing,
• average income of that is lower than the other
  business

Kind of business Number of business Number of participants Average income per person
House repair 6 173 109
Cleaning 9 171 97
Recycling 5 215 100
Nursing 10 1,038 76
total 30 1,597 85
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Impact of public assistant program
on poor women 4
4. The exit rate Men (36.1) lt Women
(50.2)
variable variable total total employed employed unemployed unemployed Rate of self-sufficient ()
variable variable cases cases cases Rate of self-sufficient ()
sex M 415 45.3 150 37.3 265 51.5 35.1
sex W 502 54.7 252 62.7 250 48.5 50.2
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Impact of Social Employment Program
on poor women 1
budget scales and supporting person of social
enterprises continuously enlarge after
introducing in 2003
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Impact of Social Employment Program
on poor women 2
For evaluating economic value, it is necessary to
know wages which relate to poor women highly.
Wage in 2007 is higher than 2006.
Wages (ten thousand) 2006 2006 2007 2007
Wages (ten thousand) frequency frequency
70 9  42.9 1  2.5
71 80 7  33.3 21  52.5
81 90 3  14.3 8  20.0
91 100 2  9.5 4  10.0
101 0  0.0 6  15.0
total wages 13,844,000 13,844,000 34,074,535 34,074,535
note average 753,353 standard deviation  125869.040 minimum 350,000 maximum 970,400 average 753,353 standard deviation  125869.040 minimum 350,000 maximum 970,400 average 851,863.38 standard deviation 156721.649 minimum 385,000 maximum 1,300,000 average 851,863.38 standard deviation 156721.649 minimum 385,000 maximum 1,300,000
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Conclusion 1
Until now these papers interpret trend of labor
market and impact of Employment-Oriented Social
Welfare Programs for poor women after IMF by
globalization Social welfare system of the
Korean government accomplished gradual
intuitional and expenditure expansion after IMF
Nevertheless, employment insurance was
vulnerable to poor workers in informal sector,
especially women Public Assistant Program,
Self-Sufficient Program encourage economic
independence Social Employment Program is
unmeaning, but the exit rate appears high
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Conclusion 2
In this way, it was a feeble system for safety
nets
which prevented feminine poverty It is wild
optimism that socio-economic status of female
worker
would be empowered Therefore, enlargement of
opportunity is need Specially, Self-Sufficient
Program put community to main activity unit and
target, and willing to utilize NPO and so on So,
You will have to try to consider how
Employment-Oriented Social Welfare Programs of
Private Leading empower socio-economic status of
poor women