Solutions, acids and bases

1
Solutions, acids and bases

• Solute the substance that dissolves in a solvent
  Examples?
• Solvent The substance in which the solute
  dissolves.
• What is the universal solvent?
• Heterogeneous example
• Homogeneous
• Alloys A solid or liquid mixture of two or more
  metals

2
Some ionic compounds dissolve in water

• NaCl is ? And it _______ in water
• To make something dissolve faster
• Increase the surface area
• stir it
• increase temp
• Make sure it is not saturated ??

3
How to make more fizz in your soda

• Soda is made up of _________, __________, and
  _____________
• The fizz is caused by _____________
• If you raise the pressure the fizz will
  ___________
• If you lower the temperature you will
  ________________ the fizz.
• Where does __________ come from?

4
AcidsWhere is there an acid in you?

• Acid Any compound that increase the number of
  hydronium ions when dissolved in water.
• Hydronium is
• Electrolyte the stronger acids conduct
  electricity

5
Some examples of acids

• Hydrochloric HCl strong stomachs
• Sulfuric Acid H2SO4 car battery
• Nitric Acid HNO3 explosives
• Acetic Acid CH3COOH vinegar
• Formic Acid HCOOH bee sting
• Citric Acid H3C6H5O7 weak lemons

6
Bases

• Base any compound that increases the number of
  hydroxide ions when dissolved in water
• Hydroxide is OH negative 1
• Strong bases will be ____________ and conduct
  electricity
• Drain cleaners, and ammonia are bases

7
Some bases

• Potassium Hydroxide KOH strong dyes
• Sodium Hydroxide NaOH drain cleaners
• Calcium Hydroxide Ca(OH)2 cement
• Ammonia NH3 fertilizers
• Methylamine CH3NH2
• Aniline C6H5NH2 Weak base

8
Strong acids and bases react

• Strong acids and a base gives us a salt and water
  
• NaOH HCl gives NaCl H2O
• Sodium hydroxide a base added to hydrochloric
  acid gives a salt and water
• What is an antacid?
• How do we test soils?

9
pH How we measure the level of an acid or bases
strength

• Range from 0 to 14 with 7 being neutral
• Logrimithic scale
• Concentrate of the H plus 1 concentration
• High concentrations
• Vinegar 2 to 3 acid
• Hydrochloric 1 acid
• NaOH 13 base