Section 12 Eukaryotic Cells

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Section 1-2Eukaryotic Cells

• Victor Nichols and Mike Boyle

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Eukaryotic Cells

• Even though most cells are small, cells are still
  complex.
• Eukaryotic Cells have many parts that help to
  keep them alive.

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Cell Wall

• Rigid structure that gives support to a cell.
• In plants and algae, the cell wall is made of
  complex sugar called cellulose.
• In fungi, the cell wall is made of chitin.
• Prokaryotic cells (bacteria) also have cell walls.

Cell Wall
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Cell Membrane

• All cells have a cell membrane.
• Protective barrier that encloses a cell.
• Contains proteins, lipids, and phospholipids that
  help control the passage of materials into and
  out of the cell.
• Hydrophobic - water-fearing
• Hydrophilic - water-loving

Cell Membrane
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Cytoskeleton

• Web of proteins in the cytoplasm.
• Keeps cell membrane from collapsing (support and
  structure).
• Helps some cells move.

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Nucleus

• Contains cells DNA - the genetic material.
• DNA contains the information on how to make a
  cells proteins.
• Covered by two membranes (materials pass through
  the membranes through pores).

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Ribosomes

• Protein making organelles
• Smallest organelle, largest population in the
  cell

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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• Many chemical reactions in a cell happen on or in
  the ER.
• The ER is a system of folded membranes in which
  proteins, lipids, and other material are made.
• The ER is part of the internal delivery system of
  the cell.

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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• Rough ER is covered in ribosomes and found near
  the nucleus.
• Delivers proteins throughout the cell.
• Smooth ER lacks ribosomes.
• Makes lipids and breaks down toxic materials that
  could damage the cell.

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Mitochondria

• The main power source of the cell.
• Breaks down sugar to produce energy.
• Made of two membranes outer and inner
  (cristae).
• Stores energy as ATP.
• Have their own DNA

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Chloroplasts

• Plants and algae have chloroplasts to make their
  own food during photosynthesis.
• Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and
  algae use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to
  make sugar and oxygen.
• Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll (green pigment).

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Golgi Complex

• Packages and distributes proteins.
• Looks similar to smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
• Golgi bubbles transport contents to other parts
  of the cell or out of the cell.

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Vesicles - Cell Compartments

• The bubble that forms the Golgi complexs
  membrane.
• Move new material in, out, and within the cell.

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Cellular Digestion - Lysosomes

• Responsible for cells digestion (contain
  digestive enzymes).
• Lysosomes destroy worn-out or damaged cells, get
  rid of waste material, and protect the cell from
  foreign invaders.
• Found mainly in animal cells

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Vacuoles

• A vacuole is a vesicle.
• In plant and fungal cells, some vacuoles acts
  like lysosomes.
• The large central vacuole in plant cells stores
  water and other liquids.
• Vacuoles also help support the cell.

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Name that CELL PART!
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