Performance%20Evaluation%20of%20Routing%20Algorithms%20in%20Wireless%20Mobile%20Ad-Hoc%20Networks

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Performance Evaluation of Routing Algorithms in
Wireless Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

• Itrat Rasool Quadri
• ST ID 220248
• COE-543
• Wireless and Mobile Networks

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Table of Contents

• Introduction
• MANET Routing Protocols
• DSDV (Destination Sequenced Distance Vector)
• DSR (Dynamic Source Routing)
• AODV (Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector)
• ZRP (Zone Routing Protocol)
• TORA (Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm)
• STAR (Source Tree Adaptive Routing)
• Factors Involved in Simulation Based Evaluation
• Performance Evaluation of Routing Protocols in
  Real Environment
• Effect of Mobility and Workload
• Performance Comparisons
• Case Studies
• Related Work
• Future Work
• Conclusion

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DSDV (Destination Sequenced Distance Vector)
Routing Protocol

• Each Routing Table List all destinations and
  number of hops to each
• Each Route is tagged with a sequence number
  originated by destination
• Updates are transmitted periodically and when
  there is any significant topology change
• Routing information is transmitted by broadcast

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DSDV (Destination Sequenced Distance Vector)
Routing Protocol
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DSR (Dynamic Source Routing)

• Features
• - On Demand (Reactive) Routing Protocol
• - Source Routing
• DSR is based on two mechanisms
• Route Discovery
• - Route Request
• - Route Reply
• Route Maintenance
• - Route Error
• Each node maintains Route Cache

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Route Discovery
A sends E a message
wait
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When any host receives a route request
ltinit, idgt in list of recently seen requests?
yes
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AODV (Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector)

• Pure on-demand protocol
• Node does not need to maintain knowledge of
  another node unless it communicates with it
• Broadcast discovery packets only when necessary
• Distinguish between local connectivity and
  general topology maintenance
• To disseminate Information about changes in local
  connectivity to those neighboring nodes that are
  likely to need it

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AODV (Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector)
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ZRP (Zone Routing Protocol)

• Hybrid Protocol combines advantages of Reactive
  Proactive Protocols
• Proactively maintains information within a local
  zone
• Reactively routes to out-of-zone nodes
• Adjustable range of nodes

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ZRP Example
1 Hop
2 Hops
Multi Hops
B
F
A
C
D
E
G
H
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TORA (Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm)

• On demand, source initiated routing
• Distributed in that nodes only maintain one hop
  knowledge
• Provides multiple routes to alleviate congestion
• Creates loop free routes
• Handles partitions by erasing invalid routes.

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TORA (Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm)

• Algorithm Overview
• Route Creation establish sequence of directed
  links from source to destination. this is done by
  forming destination oriented DAG
• Route Maintenance Reaction to topology changes
  in order to reestablish routes
• Route Erasure When a partition is detected in
  the network, all invalid routes must be removed
  from the network. this is done by making directed
  routes undirected

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STAR (Source Tree Adaptive Routing)

• Routers in star communicate their source routing
  trees to their neighbors either incrementally or
  in atomic updates
• It performs efficient routing in packet radio
  networks using link-state information.

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STAR (Source Tree Adaptive Routing)
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Factors Involved in Simulation Based Evaluation

• Environmental Factors
• Size or shape of simulation area This
  factor, for its size, can be related to the node
  density. If area shape is more rectangular, it
  leads to longer routes
• Radio
• Radio transmission range in meters
• Bandwidth in kBytes/second
• MAC Protocol
• Data Flow
• Buffers in packets
• Packet size in bytes
• Traffic type
• Mobility Model
• Mobility, effects almost all of the
  outcomes, especially the protocol accuracy

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Effect of Mobility and Workload

• End-to-end Delay
• End-to-end Throughput
• Control Packets Overhead
• Successful Packet Delivery
• Path Optimality
• Energy Consumption
• Successful Packet Delivery
• End-to-end Delay
• End-to-end Throughput
• Control Packets Overhead
• Path Optimality
• Power Consumption

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DSDV Performance Comparison
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DSR Performance
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AODV Performance
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ZRP Performance
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Performance Comparison of All Routing Protocols
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Performance Comparison of All Routing Protocols
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Case Studies
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Related Work

• PRNet (Packet Radio Network)
• ARP
• SSA (Signal Stability Based Adaptive)
• ABR (Associativity Based Routing Routing)

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Future Work

• DSDV
• AODV
• ZRP
• TORA

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Conclusion

• Quick route maintenance
• Power awareness (AODV)
• Processing (DSDV, TORA)
• Control Messages (TORA, DSR)
• Load Distribution (AODV)
• Choice for networks (AODV, DSDV)