The Amhara and Duala People

1
The Amhara and Duala People

• Katie Stirn
• 1/6/07

2
Amhara Overview

• Location
• History
• Economy
• Social Organization
• Religion
• Art

(1) Amhara Flag
3
Amhara Location

• Central Highlands of Ethiopia
• Population 23 Million
• Language Amharic

(3) Amhara Region Map
(2) Map of Africa-Ethiopia
4
Amhara History

• Descendents of a southward movement of ancient
  Semitic conquerors and indigenous Cushitic
  peoples
• 975 BCE Kingdom of Axum
• Modern Ethiopia
• All except one of the countries emperors from
  1270-1974 were Amhara
• Tigray competition
• Oromo

5
Amhara Economy

• 90 rural
• Agricultural Based
• Livestock
• Highlands one crop per year is normal, while in
  the lowlands two are possible
• Diet
• Famine
• Settlements-hamlet

(13) Amhara Village
6
Amhara Social Organization

• Patriarchal and Authoritarian
• Division of Labor
• Arranged Marriages
• Circumcision
• Baptism
• Death

(5) Amhara Women
7
Amhara Religion

• Christianity
• Ethiopian Orthodox Church (EOC)
• Religious Festivities
• Christian Amhara wear a blue neck cord (meteb),
  to distinguish themselves from Muslims
• Fast days

(14) Amhara Religion
8
Amhara Art

• Linked closely with Religion
• Churches-elaborate paintings
• Notable features are the large eyes
• Usually depicting biblical figures
• sponsorship by feudal lords
• Weavers and Embroiderers
• Clothing - toga (shamma)

(4) Amhara Painting
9
Duala Overview

• Location
• History
• Economy
• Social Organization
• Religion
• Art

(6) Cameroon Flag
10
Duala Location

• Forest region of Cameroon
• Wouri River estuary
• Form a part of the Sawa
• Cameroonian coastal peoples
• Language Duala
• Population 87,700

(8) Wouri Estuary Map
(7) Cameroon Map
11
Duala History

• Ancestory
• 1472- The beginning of decades on European
  Contacts
• 16th Century- Duala emerged as the leading
  traders on the Cameroonian coast
• Main villages soon grew into a prospering
  township called Douala
• Mid-19th century-British Influence
• Western education, Christian Missionaries
• 1884-Annexation of Douala to Germany
• Opposition to German Rule
• 1918-Germany lost WWI and their control over
  their mandates
• Duala territories now under the French
• French promoted for everyone in Cameroon to move
  to the coast
• Duala became the minority and lost their power in
  society
• 1930 Alexandre Duala Manga Bell became leader of
  the Duala and pushed for independence
• Decolonization of Africa

12
Duala Economy

• Divided into the urban and rural
• City-dwellers earn a living in skilled and
  unskilled professions
• Rural Duala work as fishermen and farmers at the
  subsistence level

(10) Duala Farmer
13
Duala Social Organization

• Wonja
• Wajili
• Wakomi
• Chiefs and headmen
• Council of elders and secret societies
• Patrilineal

(9) Duala Men
14
Duala Religion

• Christianized since the 1930s
• Baptist Church dominates
• Pre-Christian ancestor worship
• Sea plays an important role faith

(12) Duala Boats
15
Duala Art

• Lively heritage of music and dance
• Makossa
• Ambasse bey
• Abele Dance
• Ngondo Festival

(11) Ngondo Festival
16
Works Cited (Images)

• (1) Amhara Flag. No Date. Online Image. World
  Animated Flags. 3 April 2007. lthttp//www.atlasgeo
  .net/fotw/flags/et- am.htmlgt.
• (2) Map Of Africa-Ethiopia. No Date. Online
  Image. USAID. 3 April 2007. lthttp//www.usaid.gov/
  locations/sub- saharan_africa/countries/ethiopia/gt
  .
• (3) Amhara Region Map. No Date. Online Image.
  Wikipedia. 3 April 2007. lthttp//www.answers.com/t
  opic/amhara-regiongt.
• (4) Amhara Painting. No Date. Online Image.
  iExplore. 3 April 2007. lthttp//community.iexplor
  e.com/planning/journalEntryFreeForm.asp?JournalID
  19711EntryID12137nChristiani ty20and20Preste
  r20Johntgt.
• (5) Amhara Women. No Date. Online Image. Henkt
  the Axe. 5 April 2007. lthttp//huizen.daxis.nl/he
  nkt/christianity-and- slavery.htmlgt.
• (6) Cameroon Flag. No Date. Online Image.
  Wikipedia. 5 April 2007. lthttp//en.wikipedia.org
  /wiki/ImageFlag_of_Cameroon.svggt.
• (7) Cameroon Map. No Date. Online Image. ECLA.
  5 April 2007. lthttp//www.elca.org/countrypackets
  /cameroon/photos/map.jpggt.
• (8) Wouri Estuary Map. No Date. Online Image.
  Wikipedia. 5 April 2007. lthttp//upload.wikimedia
  .org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Duala_ethnic_gro
  ups.png/325px- Duala_ethnic_groups.pnggt.
• (9) Duala Men. No Date. Online Image.
  Wikipedia. 5 April 2007. lthttp//upload.wikimedia
  .org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/King_Akwa_photo.
  jpg/225px-King_Akwa_photo.jpggt.
• (10) Duala Farmer. No Date. Online Image.
  Wikipedia. 5 April 2007. lthttp//www.search.com/re
  ference/Duala_peoplesgt.
• (11) Ngondo Festival. No Date. Online Image.
  Africa Travel Magazine. 5 April 2007.
  lthttp//www.africa-ata.org/cm_ngondo_festival.htmgt
  .
• (12) Duala Boats. No Date. Online Image. Africa
  Travel Magazine. 5 April 2007. lthttp//www.africa-
  ata.org/cm_douala.htmgt.
• (13) Amhara Village. No Date. Online Image.
  Near East Foundation. 5 April 2007.
  lthttp//www.neareast.org/main/news/article.aspx?i
  d327gt.
• (14) Amhara Religion. No Date. Online Image.
  Metropolitan Museum. 5 April 2007.
  lthttp//www.metmuseum.org/toah/images/h3/h3_1998.
  66.jpggt.

17
Works Cited

• Amhara. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2007.
  Encyclopaedia Brittanica Online School Edition. 5
  April 2007 lthttp//school.eb.com/all/eb/article-9
  006160?queryamharactgt.
• Amhara. Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of Wolrd
  Cultures. 2nd ed. UXL, 1999. Student Resource
  Center. Thomson Gale, 16 March 2007.
  lthttp//galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SRCgt.
• Amhara People. Wikipedia, The Free
  Encyclopedia. 5 April 2007. Wikimedia Foundation.
  5 April 2007. lthttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amhar
  a_peoplegt.
• Duala. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2007.
  Encyclopaedia Brittanica Online School Edition. 5
  April 2007 lthttp//school.eb.com/eb/article-90313
  11gt.
• Duala Lands and Colonial Regimes. The Journal
  of African History. Oct 2001 v42 i3 p524(3).
  General Reference Center Gold on Student
  Resource Center. Gale Group. Cambridge University
  Press. 5 April 2007. lthttp//www.galegroup.com/gt.
  
• Duala People. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
  5 April 2007. Wikimedia Foundation. 5 April 2007.
  lthttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duala_peoplegt.
• Lundquist, Robert. The Amhara People of
  Ethiopia. Strategy Leader Resource Kit Profiles.
  6 November 2006. Orville Boyd Jenkins. 5 April
  2007. lthttp//endor.hsutx.edu/obiwan/profiles/am
  hara.htmlgt.
• Middlemen of the Cameroons Rivers The Duala and
  Their Hinterland c. 1600- c. 1960. Journal of
  Third World Studies. 4 April 2002. eLibrary.
  Cambridge University Press. 5 April 2007.
  lthttp//www.elibrary.comgt.
• Shillington, Keven. Douala. Encyclopedia of
  African History, Vol. 1. New York Fitzroy
  Dearborn, 2005
• Spooner, Brain. Amhara. Academic American
  Encyclopedia. Danbury Grolier Inc., 1996
• The Diagram Group. Encyclopedia of African
  Peoples. New York Facts on File, Inc., 2000.