Essay 7: Proposal

1
Essay 7 Proposal

• 1. Audience
• The audience for your proposal are likely to
  have a great deal power they can permit or
  support you to do what you want, or they can stop
  you either by rejecting your proposal outright or
  subtly undermining its implementation.

2
Essay 7 Proposal

• 2. Purpose
• Your purpose is to get your audience adopt your
  proposal, to implement the changes you want.

3
Show that a specific problem exists

• 1. Identify a difficulty by someone the readers
  know and care about.
• For example,
• - Complicated procedures for college
  application.
• - International students linguistic limitations
  in U.S. classroom.

4
Show that a specific problem exists

• 2. Describe a need that is not currently being
  met.
• For example,
• - Labs are short of certain necessary
  facilities.
• - Certain recreational activities are not
  provided by the Student Recreation Center.
• - School buses between two campuses are not
  frequent enough.

5
Show that a specific problem exists

• 3. Point out a conflict between what readers
  originally intended to do and what they actually
  did.
• For example,
• - Envisioned campus transaction service for
  smart cards is not realized
• - Charges for printing service on campus is out
  of students expectation

6
Show that a specific problem exists

• 4. Acknowledge existing efforts to solve the
  problem, and show why they are inadequate.
• For example,
• Though many efforts have been made to research
  and market the use of ethanol, a substitute
  energy source for fossil fuel, ethanol is still
  not widely accepted and used in our daily life.

7
To Define the Problem

• 1. Identify the cause of the difficulty people
  are having.
• For example,
• Problem The use of human drugs on animal.
• Cause It takes a long time for the authority to
  test and approve animal drugs.

8
To Define the Problem

• 2. State the problem as something can be acted.
  Indicate what people need to do, stop doing, or
  do differently.
• For example,
• The university should allocate a certain amount
  of fund (in a certain way) to make the printing
  service free.
• International students should receive additional
  help in English communication in the U.S.
  classrooms.

9
To Demonstrate Feasibility

• 1. Explain the logistics involved in
  implementing your solution.
• - Cost
• - People in charge
• - Procedures
• - Major obstacles
• - etc.

10
To Demonstrate Feasibility

• 2. Identify precedents that suggest your
  proposal will work.
• - mention the ways people in other situations
  succeeded in solving similar problems.
• - modify what others have done to fits the
  specific situation of your problem.
• Eg. Can we learn something from the cyride bus
  services?

11
To Demonstrate Feasibility

• 3. Anticipate and respond to questions and
  objections your audience is likely to raise.
• - To anticipate and respond to audiences
  questions and objections before they have a
  chance to raise them.
• For example,
• - If the labs purchased certain facilities, who
  should be responsible for maintaining those
  facilities?

12
To Demonstrate Desirability

• Point out ways your proposed solution will
  benefit your audience.
• For example,
• The provision of certain recreational service
  will attract more students to enroll in the
  university.