Introduction to Microcontrollers w Applications of Fuzzy Logic

1
Introduction to Microcontrollers w/ Applications
of Fuzzy Logic

• Teacher Mr. Evans

2
Introduction to Microcontrollers Schematics

• Day 1

3
What will we be using?

• Microchips - PIC chips (primarily PIC16F84A and
  PIC16F690)
• Programming language - PICBasic Pro
• Solderless breadboards
• Simple components
• Resistors
• Capacitors
• Voltage regulators
• Switches
• Crystal oscillators
• LEDs

4
What will we be using?

• Sensors
• IR
• Gyroscope
• Inclinometer
• Accelerometer
• Thermometer (LM34 and/or thermocouple wire)
• Encoders
• Other components
• Servo motors
• Standard DC motors (some gearhead)
• LCD displays
• Speakers
• H-bridges

5
Timing
Demo

• All microcontrollers need a timer.
• Internal
• External
• Oscillators
• Resistor-capacitor (RC) works on the charging
  and discharging of a capacitor
• Reliable signal, none stable frequency
  (temperature)
• Crystal works on the oscillation of a quartz
  crystal
• Very stable frequency, more expensive
• Ceramic resonator similar piezo-electric
  properties of the crystal
• Mid range cost and stability

6
Sample wave forms of crystal oscillators
7
Microcontrollers

• Central processing unit (CPU)
• On-chip timer
• Register file map
• Random access memory
• Electrically erasable programmable read-only
  memory (EEPROM) and Flash
• Analog comparators
• Internal oscillator
• A/D converter
• Interrupts
• Input/Output (I/0) interface

8
Microcontroller basic features
Power
Input Output Pins
Reset
Clocking
9
CPU (for PIC chips)

• RISC-like architecture
• Harvard architecture
• Separate instruction and data memory

10
On-chip timer

• A counter incremented by either an internal or
  external source. Often used to time events rather
  than counting instruction cycles.

Programming and customizing the PIC
microcontroller. p. 1226
11
Register file map

• A memory address devoted to saving a value (like
  RAM) or providing a hardware interface for a
  processor.
• General purpose register
• Special function register
• Examples
• TRISA (1 input, 0 output)
• ADCON0
• OSCCON
• T1CON (timer control)
• INTCON

Programming and customizing the PIC
microcontroller. p. 1224
12
Random access memory (RAM)

• Volatile memory

13
EEPROM

• Electrically Erasable Programmable Memory
• Non-volatile memory

14
Analog comparators

• Compares two voltages and returns a 1 or 0 based
  on the relative values.

15
Internal oscillator

• 8-MHz internal RC oscillator
• User adjustable
• User can also change the oscillation

16
A/D converters

• Converts an analog dc voltage into a digital
  representation.

17
Interrupts

• An event that requires that the
  microcontrollers processor stop what it is doing
  and respond.
• The main routine is running, then an interrupt
  occurs and a different routine is processed, then
  the processor goes back to the main routine.

Programming and customizing the PIC
microcontroller. p. 1218
18
Input/Output (I/O) interface

• Output
• High/Low
• Pulsout
• PWM
• Serial communication
• Input
• ADC
• Pulsin
• Serial communication
• Analog (On/Off)

19
Review

• Timing
• Microchip basic features
• Central processing unit (CPU)
• On-chip timer
• Register file map
• Random access memory
• Electrically erasable programmable read-only
  memory (EEPROM) and Flash
• Analog comparators
• Internal oscillator
• A/D converter
• Interrupts
• Input/Output (I/0) interface