Californias Zero Emission Vehicle Regulation, Hydrogen Activities

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• Californias Zero Emission Vehicle Regulation,
  Hydrogen Activities

Elise Keddie, PhD California Air Resources
Board Fuel Cell Legislation and Policy July 29,
2008
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California Air Resources Board

• Established in 1967 to
• Attain and maintain healthy air quality
• Control pollution from mobile and stationary
  sources
• Set fuel specifications

Ensure Californians, especially children and the
elderly, can live in a healthful environment --
free from harmful exposure to air pollution
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Over 90 of Californians Breathe Unhealthy Air
at Times
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ZEV Program Goals

• Achieve significant air quality benefits
• Push research, development and deployment of zero
  emission vehicles
• Encourage ZEV commercialization through
  introduction of ZEV-enabling technology

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ZEV Program (2012 2014)
10 Mandate 42 by volume
PZEV
bronze
gold
silver
ZEV
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ZEV Program Achievements

• Over 30,000 ZEVs placed through 2006
• 140 fuel cell vehicles
• 4,400 battery EVs
• 26,000 neighborhood EVs
• Widespread acceptance of hybrid electric vehicles
  (gt100,000)
• Focused research and development of battery
  electric and fuel cell vehicles

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ZEV Program Challenges

• More development needed before gold vehicles
  ready for commercialization
• Pace of future development difficult to predict,
  requiring regular course corrections
• Infrastructure development must match vehicle
  deployment

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ZEV ProgramGold Requirements
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Silver Plus Category Vehicles

• Silver earning one or more credits
• Use of ZEV fuel
• Examples
• Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles
• Hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicles

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Fuel Cell Vehicle ZEV Types(defined in
regulation)

• Type III
• Minimum 100 mile range/fast refueling
• Type IV
• Advanced fuel cell vehicle
• Minimum 200 mile range/fast refueling
• Type V
• Advanced fuel cell vehicle
• Minimum 300 mile range/ fast refueling

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Expected Number of Vehicles for the purpose of
meeting the requirements
Includes probable credit use
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ZEV Program Future Efforts

• Return to Board by Spring 2009
• Move commercially viable vehicles to other
  vehicle programs
• Hybrids, clean gasoline vehicles
• Re-vamp ZEV Program to concentrate on
  accelerating introduction of pre-commercial ZEV
  and ZEV enabling technologies

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California Hydrogen Highway Network (CaH2Net)

• Executive Order S-7-04 formed CaH2Net in April
  2004
• Develops/promotes/funds hydrogen fueling
  stations, fuel cell vehicle placement, fuel cell
  transit buses
• 7.6M awarded to three new H2 stations, June 2007

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Hydrogen Fuel Production Requirements

• SB1505 standards for hydrogen produced for
  transportation (regulation under development)
• Emission reduction requirement (relative to
  gasoline)
• 50 reduction of NOx and ROG (well-to-tank)
• No increase in toxic air contaminants
  (well-to-tank)
• 30 reduction of greenhouse gas (well-to-wheel)
• Energy source requirement
• 33.3 renewable hydrogen
• Regulation applies to state-funded stations now
• All stations must comply once 3,500 metric
  ton/year threshold is reached

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SB 1505 Challenges

• Limited opportunities to integrate renewable
  resources beyond renewable electricity
• Renewable feedstocks or production plants too far
  from demand transport emissions negate NOxROG
  requirement
• Pending regulation has discouraged viable bidders
  for state funding
• Will be difficult to monitor and enforce

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Hydrogen Specification

• SB 76 (2005)
• Standards developed by California Dept. of Food
  and Agriculture (ARB concurrence)
• Based on SAEs Technical Information Report J2719
• Helium standard modified
• Rulemaking not finalized
• Developmental engine fuel variance process
  available

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Zero Emission Bus Regulation

• Applicable to Transit Agencies gt200 buses
• 15 ZEB purchase requirement
• Current Demonstration projects
• 2 agencies, 4 buses
• Future Demonstration projects
• 5 additional agencies, 15 buses

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Additional Information
ARBs Zero Emission Vehicle Program http//www.arb
.ca.gov/msprog/zevprog/ zevprog.htm California
Hydrogen Highway Network http//www.HydrogenHighwa
y.ca.gov California Dept. of Food and
Agriculture http//www.cdfa.ca.gov/dms/hydrogenfue
l/hydrogenfuel.html California Fuel Cell
Partnership http//www.cafpc.org