Russian Revolution

1
Russian Revolution
2
Years

• First Revolution 1905
• Second Revolution(s) 1917
• February Revolution
• October Revolution
• Third Revolution 1989

3
Location
4
Other Locations

• Ukraine
• Poland
• Siberia

5
Cause/Effect for First Revolution

• Russo-Japanese War defeat
• Government proved inefficient when defeated
• Heavy corruption in government

• Czar Nicholas II promised to give more personal
  freedoms
• The Duma was established
• Upper-class males were allowed to vote

6
Long Term Effects of First Revolution

• Power of the Duma was limited and more rights
  given to the people (mostly upper class males)
• - turned in to an overall debate society

7
Cause/Effect of Second Revolution

• World War I
• - soldiers did not have enough weapons to
  fight
• - food shortages worsened after battle
• - all resources went toward soldiers
• Czars incompetence

• Common people became unhappy w/ the govt
• People protested him, and even his own soldiers
  went against him

8
Cause/ Effect of Third Revolution

• Fall of the Berlin Wall signified that the Soviet
  regime was gone
• People in Russia in poor condition and food is
  once again being given to soldiers

• Capitalist restored the USSR, and Russia became
  democratic
• Riots take place throughout Russia, and people
  can take no more

9
C/E (cont.)

• Gorbachev overthrown and his vice president takes
  over after coup detat
• As military move in the Russian citizens pray
  that Gorbachev is given back power

• Tanks and military move in , and Russia appears
  as it did during the Cold War
• Protests take place in the street, and citizens
  become actively against the coup

10
Battles

• Czar vs. Citizens (incompetence)
• Coup vs. Gorbachev
• Anti-Bolsheviks (whites) vs. Bolsheviks (red)
• Civil war between people of Russia

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People

• Rasputin
• Lenin
• Nicholas II
• Trotsky
• Kerensky
• Alexander III
• Mensheviks
• Bolsheviks

• Stalin
• Kamanev
• Makho
• Gorbachev
• Zinoviev
• Yeltsin
• Yanayev
• President Bush

12
Grigori Rasputin

• A Russian monk who played an important role in
  the life of Czar Nicholas II and his family. He
  was thought to be a miracle healer, but has gone
  down in history as being somewhat crazy. Thought
  to be a spy for Germany during WWI he was killed
  in a very terrible way. Rasputin was repeatedly
  shot in the head, chest, and back, but was also
  beat in the head. Finally, he was wrapped in a
  sheet, and thrown under the ice where he
  eventually drowned.

13
Vladimir Lenin

• Lenin made a New Economic Policy (NEP) that
  helped stabilize the Soviet Unions economy in
  the early 1920s. He also introduced war communism
  in 1918. This was an economic policy he
  introduced with the help of the Bolsheviks.
• In 1917, the Bolsheveks, with Lenin, overthrew
  govt. and established a Soviet government.

14
CZAR NICHOLAS II

• Became Emperor and Tsar of all nations after
  death of father, AlexanderIII, in 1894.
• He and leaders were very weak in leadership-this
  led to more suffering in Russia, with 2 failed
  wars,and 2 more revolutions in 20 years
• Caused total loss of open revolutionary channels
  and forced it to be held in illegal changes.

15
LEON TROTSKY

• 1918- Became the Communist leader and organized
  the Red Army in the Civil War
• Restored discipline to
• Russian militia and fostered communism
• loyalty, by teaching soldiers to read and
  write.
• Was exiled to Siberia by Stalin, and expelled
  from Soviet Union.
• Was murdered by assassin on Stalins orders.

16
Alexander Kerensky

• A moderate socialist-served as Provisional
  Government Minister of Justice, then Prime
  Minister.
• He moved easily between the Provisional
  Government and the Petrograd Soviet.
• This became a model of founding other soviets
  throughout Russia.

17
Alexander the III

• Policy of Russification-tried to use resurgence
  of nationalism toprotect the autocracy-it
  actually brought intolerance and persecution of
  non-Russians.
• Singled out Jews-couldnt own land, had organized
  massacres in their village.
• He increased repressive powers of the police and
  tightened censorship and control of education.
• Father of Czar Nicholas II.

18
Mensheviks

• Early 1900s
• Believed the working class, not the peasants,
  would lead the revolution.
• Believed that Russia needed to develop into an
  industrial state with a sizable working class
  before social revolution would occur.

• Followed the teachings of Karl Marx.
• Competed for control of Russias Revolutionary
  movement with the Bolsheviks.

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Bolsheviks

• Competed with Mensheviks for control of Russias
  revolutionary movement.
• Followers of Karl Marx.
• Believed that a socialist society could be
  started immediately with force
• Thought that Russias revolution would spread
  worldwide, with the use of working class and
  peasants.
• Led by Lenin.

20
Josef Stalin

• 1922-Became Secretary General of Communist Party
• 1928-1933- Started 1st and 2nd 5 year plans to
  reach goal of quick industrialization.
• Wrote his Constitution to replace 1st
  Constitution of Soviet Union-approved 1936.

21
Mikhail Gorbachev

• 1980s-Showed a willingness to make weapons cuts
  and to reform the Soviet system.
• Policy of glasnost-it permitted new freedom of
  expression for Soviet citizens and eased harsh
  measures against opponents of the Soviet system.

22
Boris Yeltsin

• Felt that perestroika, a policy by Gorbachev, was
  moving too slowly.
• Spoke so harshly against Gorbachev that it earned
  him a dismissal from party positions.
• To win presidency, he took his case to the people
  in the Russian Republic.

23
Yanayev

• Gorbachevs vice president that led a coup
  against him

24
President Bush

• President during part of the 1989 Revolution
• Had many successful meetings with Gorbachev about
  restoring and reconstructing the Soviet Union

25
New Ideas

• Russian women gained the right to vote (also an
  achievement)
• Perestroika- (restructuring)- Gorbachev-encouraged
  limiting moves toward private enterprise
• Glasnost- (openness)-Gorbachev- permitted freedom
  of expansion
• Privatization- the setting up of privately owned
  businesses
• Provisional government- temporary central
  government with elected officials

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Environment

• At times it was very bad for the people.
• Economy went up and down like a see-saw.
• Food shortages were common, and soldiers were
  treated better than the average citizen.

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Achievements

• Communism came to an end.
• Women gained the right to vote. Treaty of
  Brest-Litovsk signed with Germany in 1918.
• Violent battles began to stop toward early 1990s.

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Isms Examples

• Communism- the Red Army was raised to defend
  the Communist government by Leon Trotsky.
• Federalism-the provisional govt with elected
  officials for different areas of govt
• Fanaticism- the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks were
  obsessed w/ Communism and power.
• Propogandism- all of the different ideas put into
  law by communists such as Lenin and Stalin (his
  Constitution)
• Despotism- Czar Nicholas II did not really know
  how to use his power, but he controlled his
  entire empire by himself until he was overthrown
• Alliancism- treaty between Germany and Soviet
  Union
• Militarism- all resources given to soldiers
  instead of the citizens