BIODEGRADATION OF DYES IN TEXTILE EFFLUENTS

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BIODEGRADATION OF DYES IN TEXTILE EFFLUENTS BY
COVALENTLY CO-IMMOBILIZED MULTI-ENZYME OXIDASE
SYSTEM TO SYNTHETIC POLYMER BEADS.
L.Yotova, F.Tileva, R.Betcheva
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INTRODUCTION

• Dyes in textile effluents -
• role of dyeing (printing) technologies and dye
  structures
• Biotreatment of dyes in effluents
• classical aerobic sewage
  treatment process adsorption on the sludge
  that
• depends on the dye solubility
• acid dyes their high solubility leads to low
  adsorption ( depending on the degree of
  sulfonation)
• direct dyes high level of adsorption not
  depending on sulfonation
• reactive dyes very low degree of adsorption
• basic dyes high adsorption
• disperse dyes adsorption in the high to
  medium range
• Reactive dyes
• high consumption, applied in high
  concentrations in some technologies
• relatively high concentrations in textile
  effluents
• small molecules, high water solubility
• decolourization
• dearomatization

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Biodegradation of Sulfonated Azo Dyes
(Goszczynski et all J. of Bacteriology, p.1339
-1347, 1994)
Pathways for the aerobic microbial degradation of
man-made sulfonated azo dyes by peroxidases from
Phanaerochete chrisosporium
Primarily asymmetric cleavage of azo linkage is
supposed that leads to obtaining of sulfonamide
and phenolic structures
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IMMOBILIZATION OF ENZYME SYSTEMS BY COVALENT BONDS

• Advantages of covalently immobilized enzyme
  systems
• immobilized whole cells keep a high level
  concentration of intracellular inducible
  multi-enzyme system
• activity of these systems remains relatively
  high as far as the immobilization does not affect
  the cell integrity
• possibility for use in reactors for continuous
  processes

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STUDY OBJECTIVE
POSSUBILITIES OF REACTIVE DYE BIODEGRADATION
BY COVALENTLY CO-IMMOBILIZED MULTI-ENZYME
OXIDASE SYSTEM TO SYNTHETIC POLYMER BEADS
SUBSTRATES INVESTIGATED
phenol
model dye - Phenol Red
comercial dye - Bezactiv Brill.Red V-GG
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IMMOBILIZATION of the FUNGI STRAIN
of Trichosporon cutaneum and Phanaerochete
chrisosporium

• carrier activated acrylamide copolymer
• treatment of granules with cell suspension
• suspending in synthetic nutrient medium
• ( 24 hours treatment)
• washing
• control for free cells ( spectrophotometrically)
  
• microscopy

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Table 1
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PHENOL TRANSFORMATION ABILITY
OF IMMOBILIZED
CELLS

• adaptation in a phenol medium (0,1g/l)
• phenol transformation at 0,35 g/l , 0,65 g/l
• and 1g/l substrate concentration
• HPLC measurements of phenol concentration
• (absorbance at 256 nm)

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KINETICS OF PHENOL CONVERTION
Cells Trichosporon cutaneum
0,35 g/l phenol (Immobilized cells proliferate,
remaining stable and active for 22 cycles)
0,65 g/l phenol
1,00 g/l phenol
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BIODEGRADATION OF PHENOL BY MULTYENZYME ENZYME
PRODUCED IN IMMOBILZED Trichosporon cutaneum
CELLS
Hydroxylation of phenolic structures
Dearomatization by oxidase/hydrolase system in
Trichosporon Cutaneum
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STUDY OF Phanarochete chrysosporium BEHAVIOUR

• immobilized cells showed a relatively slow
  phenol degradation compared to Trichosporon
  cutaneum
• source of exo-oxidase enzyme system containing
  lccase, lignin peroxidase and manganese
  peroxidase
• ultrafiltration and immobilization of the above
  enzyme system
• characterization of the immobilized system with
  respect of manganese peroxidase activity
• Michaelis constant of the reaction with Phenol
  Red has the same range for free and immobilized
  manganese peroxidase

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Table 2 Phenol Red
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KINETICS OF BEZAKTIV Brill.RED V-GG
DECOLOURIZATION BY THE IMMOBILIZED ENZYME SYSTEM
PRODUCED OF Phanaerochete chrisosporium I step -
dye water solution treatment (decolourization)
II step possibility for dearomatization with
immobilized Trichosporon cutaneum cells should
be additionally investigated
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• CONCLUSIONS
• Fungi can be immobilized at high concentration
  covalently to synthetic beads retaining a high
  level of stability and activity
• Immobilized cells are viable and can be used as a
  source of multy-enzyme systems
• Trichosporon cutaneum immobilized cells can be
  applied for phenolic structures dearomatization
• Phanaerochete chrisosporium oxidase multy-enzyme
  immobilized on synthetic beads decolourize
  monoazo dyes in water solution
• Trichosporon cutaneum immobilized cells
  treatment of decolourized solutions have a
  potential to be used for dearomatization of above
  solutions