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Alex C' MUELLER

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Industriels: 2,5 tonnes dont 100 kg toxiques. M nagers: 0,8 tonne ... Nucl aires: 1 kg dont 100 g de moyenne et forte activit s. 900. 400. 6. 4. 0 ou 1500. 100 ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Alex C' MUELLER


1
Alex C. MUELLER
  • Contribution au séminaire de ISCC
  • "Epistémologie de la Communication"

"Vérités scientifiques contre Obscurantismes"
quelques réflexions dans le contexte de la
communication autour de l'énergie nucléaire.
2
Les Questions du Séminaire ISCC
- Quels sont les impacts des modèles
communicationnels sur les théories de la
connaissance? J'en ai pas la moindre idée! -
Comment penser les conditions démergence ou de
naissance des disciplines scientifiques?
Quelques indications à propos de la LCA -
Quelles ruptures de paradigmes scientifiques ont
été produites par lémergence de ces nouveaux
territoires de recherche? On a rompu des
paradigmes "ecolopolitiques" en appliquant une
démarche scientifique - Comment envisager selon
votre discipline scientifique, le corpus
suivant (pour exemple communication, dialogue,
émission, interaction, langage, mémorisation,
organisation, savoirs, technologies de
linformation et de la communication,
transmission, etc...)? Quelques indications
indirectes - Quel est le rôle de la
communication dans la théorie de la
connaissance? Je n'en sais rien. LCA Life
Cycle Analysis
3
La perception du CNRS dans le baromètre de l'IRSN
2006 (sur des questions du nucléaire)
4
Urgency of knowledge-based approach
Common, but not "knowledge based"
opinions/misconceptions (alas, often voiced by
political ecologists)
  • We have just to replace fossile energy
    (nuclear)
  • sources by "renewable" energies
  • Sufficient initial public subsidizing will be a
    quick means
  • to reach economic competitiveness for any
    "renewable"
  • energy through mass-production
  • It is impossible to solve the nuclear waste
    issue
  • (gegen Kernmüll kan man "bekanntlich" nichts
    tun)

5
What is "Sustainability" ?
  • We must consider our planet to be on loan from
    our children, rather than being a gift from our
    ancestors. (...) As caretakers of our common
    future, we have the responsibility to seek
    scientifically sound policies, nationally as well
    as internationally. If the long-term viability of
    humanity is to be ensured, we have no other
    choice.
  • (Gro Harlem Brundtland)
  • Definitions from the Brundtland Commission
  • Sustainable Development is development that meets
    the needs of the present without compromising the
    ability of future generations to meet their own
    needs.
  • Its a process of change in which the
    exploitation of resources,
  • the direction of investments, the orientation of
    technological development and institutional
    change are made consistent with
  • future as well as present needs.

6
Measuring Sustainability
  • Sustainability of an energy producing system
    can be
  • measured by costs if all costs are considered.
  • all costs internal external (use of
    environment)
  • over the whole cycle of life
  • hence, management rules (from Voss 2005)
  • The supply of energy services shall be carried
    out with
  • the possibly lowest total costs.
  • Total costs represent a useful measure for the
    usage of
  • scarce resources.
  • Therefore they are an indicator for relative
    sustainability
  • of technologies and systems for supplying
    energy.
  • Research and development are the basis for
    improving
  • efficiencies for usage of resources, for
    limiting energy
  • caused environmental impacts and for
    expanding the
  • technical-economical energy-basis for
    future generations.

7
Growth in World Energy Demand
("typical" predictions)
also "typical" electricity 1/3 of primary
energy electricity 40 of world's CO2 emissions

Nuclear share of electricity 17 world-wide 35
Europe 78 France
8
Total de CO2 émis 24 milliards de tonnes par an
Énergies primaires responsables
9
Rejets par an et par habitant en FRANCE
  • Industriels 2,5 tonnes dont 100 kg toxiques
  • Ménagers 0,8 tonne
  • Dioxyde de carbone CO2 6 tonnes
  • Nucléaires 1 kg dont 100 g de moyenne et forte
    activités

10
950
340
Autres énergies fossiles Fioul 800 g/kWh
Gaz 570 g/kWh
11
Equivalences de différentes énergies primaires
1,7 tonnes de charbon
1 tonne de pétrole
3,3 tonnes de bois
0,5 gramme de matière fissile
12
Total life cycle raw material requirements
Source Marheineke 2002
13
The German Plan Political Fiction (2020 -40)
Red Point Flocard extrapolation And continuation
of Nuclear Power at present level
14
Health Risk in YOLL / GWh
Source Hirschberg, PSI (2004)
15
Costs including externalities
Source Hirschberg, PSI (2004)
16
Le "casse-tête" énergétique
  • Les hypothèses pour 2050
  • La consommation dénergie naugmentera que
    dun facteur 2 (économie dénergie !)
  • Lémission de CO2 sera réduite dun facteur 2

2005
2050 Consommation 10 Gtep ( de
10 Gtep) 20 Gtep ( de 20 Gtep)
Fossiles 7.9 78 2
4.1 20 Boisdéchets 1.0 10
x 3 3.3 17 Hydraulique 0.6 6
x 2 1.2 6 Autre renouvelables 0.05
0.5 x 100
5.4 27 Nucléaire 0.6 6 x
10 6.0 30
Solaire thermique et photovoltaique, éolien,
géothermie, biomasse
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