Britta Baron

1
Britta Baron

• The Future of the Higher Education Market
• DAAD British - German Lectors Meeting
• Cumberland Lodge
• June 2006

2
In higher education today internationalisation
and competitiveness are intrinsically linked.
SourceIAU, 2005
3
Which Competition?

• International student market (numbers for
  internationally mobile students are assumed to
  grow from 1,8 mio places in 2000 to 7,2 mio
  places in 2025)
• Transnational Education offshore initiatives
• Access to talent (grad students, young
  researchers)
• Access to research funds and other
  internationally available funding
• Rankings for quality of research and (to a lesser
  degree) quality of teaching
• Brand name

4
United States

• The United States is engaged in a global
  competition for international students and
  scholars. That might seem like an unremarkable
  statement, but in fact it is not clear that the
  nation even knows it is engaged in this
  competition.
• (NAFSA, June 2006)

5
United States Rationale

• International political leadership
• Strengthening of knowledge industry
• Benefit to US economy (US 13,3 billion in
  academic year 2004/2005)
• Quality of US higher education
• National Security !!!!!

Most important reason why international education
matters It promotes US foreign policy and
international leadership (NAFSA, June 2006)
6
United States - Perceived threats

• Traditional competitors more strategy oriented
  and more resources available on a national level
• New competitors (EU, China)
• Traditional sending countries (China, India) are
  rapidly expanding capacity and enhancing quality
  in own higher education

50 decline in English language courses 2 years
consecutive decline in numbers of international
students
7
Australia

• Invented it all ....
• In 1988 Australia had 21 000 international
  students
• In 2000 Australia had almost 200 000
  international students

8
Australia - Rationale

• Higher education finance income from
  international student fees to compensate for
  drastic cuts in public spending on universities
• Improvement of Australias ability to develop
  into knowledge society
• Improvement of Australian higher education (also
  in terms of international ranking, see THES
  global ranking)

9
Canada

• Modest numbers of international students
• University of Toronto 6.2
• University of British Columbia Vancouver 8.6
• McGill University Montreal 17.9
• University of Alberta 3.4
• Université de Montreal 12.8
• Germany (select 5, non-resident international
  students only)
• TU München 16,1
• U Stuttgart 16,9
• TU Darmstadt 16,4
• U Heidelberg 15,9
• Humboldt Universität 12,1

10

• BUT
• 32 of recent immigrants participating in
  university education in the age group 20 to 34
  years, as opposed to 26 of rest of population.
• 62 of immigrants who came to Canada in the 1990s
  had higher education qualification, 41
  university qualification
• Good for the country! Good enough for the
  universities?
• Rationale ???
• Little national debate

11
EUROPE

• Lisbon Resolution (December 2000)
• .... an internationalised economy increasingly
  founded on
• knowledge, openness to foreign cultures and the
  ability to educate
• oneself and work in a multilingual environment
  are essential to the
• competitiveness of the European economy
• In other words Its the economy, stupid!

12
EUROPE - Rationale

• Global competitiveness of EU economies
• Job creation and wealth generation by
  universities which increasingly act as businesses
• Responding to the demographic challenges
• Strengthening European science and engineering
• Serving cultural diplomacy objectives for the
  European Union
• Stimulating the reform process in European higher
  education
• Bologna declaration and followers creating a
  European higher
• education space
• ERASMUS Mundus.

13
Germany

• Substantial increase in number of international
  students
• 1990 92 000 international students
• 2005 250 000 international students (of whom 60
  000 German residents, i.e. Bildungsinländer)

14
Germany - Rationale

• International attractiveness of German
  universities
• Competitiveness of German economy
• Reform impulse for higher education in Germany
• Brain Gain

15
Germany

• Aktionsprogramm für internationalen
  Hochschulstandort as from 1996
• Marketing activities
• Visa regulations
• Promote German Off-shore activities
• 2005 Launch of Exzellenzprogramm
• Focused on limited number of universities
• 3 areas Institutional profiling strategy
  development (FU Berlin)
• Research Clusters
• Graduate Education

16
National policy initiatives have made a
substantial difference and have created a lasting
impact BUTIn the future Institutional
competitiveness on a global scale increasingly
more important than national competitiveness
Conclusion
17
At the institutional level

• Marketing, profile building and international
  recruitment
• Scholarships open to all, esp. Graduate
  scholarships
• Strategic alliances between insititutions
• Comprehensive internationalisation as hall mark
  of global players (e.g. Harvards 100 study
  abroad target)
• Challenge Commercial Universities (GATS)