Seven Kings High School

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Seven Kings HighSchool

• Presents
• Codes

2
First we looked at the different Ciphers

• The Pig Pen Code
• The Caesar Shift
• The Morse Code
• The Semaphore on the Hill
• Binary Codes
• Number Plates
• 100 Grid
• Coordinates

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We worked out the answers to the Jokes then
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We worked out the clues to try to find the
Enigmatic Character. We found-

• The Enigmatic Character was a very clever man
  indeed he studied a lot of subjects including
  Mathematics.
• He was a mathematician
• He was a philosopher
• He spoke Arabic
• He had something to do with the House of Wisdom
• The letters K G

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We searched the Internet and think that the
character could be -

• Omar Khayyam
• Born 18 May 1048 in Nishapur, Persia (now
  Iran)Died 4 Dec 1131 in Nishapur, Persia (now
  Iran)
• Omar Khayyam's full name was Ghiyath al-Din
  Abu'l-Fath Umar ibn Ibrahim Al-Nisaburi
  al-Khayyami. A literal translation of the name
  al-Khayyami (or al-Khayyam) means 'tent maker'
  and this may have been the trade of Ibrahim his
  father.

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We made up some coded messages of our own.

• We used
• the Binary Code
• The Pig Pen Codes
• A Coordinate Grid

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Can you crack this binary code ?
30 25 20 31 25 11 31 30 38 5 25 31 20 11 25
10 38 11 23 18 35
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WHAT DO PARROTS LIKE TO WATCH ON TV?
HOW DO SAILORS GET FROM ONE SHIP TO ANOTHER?
WHAT NEVER GOES UP BUT STILL COMES DOWN?
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Using the coordinate grid
10 a n t l j r m m j z
9 k j f u z w u u g s
8 i s n j u t w v s i
7 g a n g p r z s t t
6 j u f f k w n q e h
5 x j k n e d s i a e
4 r o m q h s e h n d
3 a y t w u d o e u i
2 i f k e a d g n o h
1 q g h r y q h u l n
  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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Can you read this message ?
(3 , 4) (5 , 2) (6 , 8) (10 , 6) (7
, 5) (1 , 6) (2 , 8) (3 , 6) (8 , 9) (10
, 1)




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We decoded the four messages.

• All four were coded using the Caesar Shift.
• The second and third code changed the shift part
  way through the message.
• It was more difficult when the letters were close
  together but we looked for the three letter words
  that could be the or and to help us find the
  shift.
• Each message told us about Julius Caesar.

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We decided to look at the frequency of the
letters in a number of different passages. We
looked at a passage from

• An English reading book.
• The Daily Mirror
• The Guardian
• Two French reading books.

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• We did a tally chart for the letters in each
  passage.
• We put our results onto a spread sheet and used
  excel to work out the frequency for each letter
  as a percentage of the total number of letters.
• We made a bar chart for each set of data.
• Here are our graphs.

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We took a passage from the book Captain
Underpants

A Bar Chart to show the frequency of the letters
Frequency
The most frequent letter is T and then E H
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We took and article from the Daily Mirror
We found that E was the most frequent letter and
then R T
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We took a passage from the Guardian.
The most frequent letter was E then A
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We took a passage from a French book.
A Bar Chart to show the frequencies of the
letters.
Frequency
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O
P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
E was the most frequent letter A, I, N, R, S, T
U were about the same.
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We took a passage from a second French book.
E K were the most frequent letters and then F,
N V
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The results of our investigation into the
frequency of the letters.

• We found that the letter E was the most frequent
  letter for all of the passages except Captain
  Underpants. In this passage T was the most
  frequent letter.
• We thought this was strange so we looked at the
  passage again.

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• T appeared the most in the Captain Underpants
  paragraph because the names of the characters
  have T in them.

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• After E, we found that
• A T occurred quite often.

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• We could now use our results to try to crack a
  coded message.
• We would need to work out the frequencies for the
  coded message and compare them with the
  frequencies that we found from our investigation.
• If the letter Z came up most often this would
  most likely be E.
• We could then compare the other most frequent
  letters.