Sharing the Costs of Combating Piracy amongst Stakeholders

1
 Sharing the Costs of Combating Piracy amongst
Stakeholders 
KUALA LUMPUR INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PIRACY
CRIMES AT SEA May 19, 2009

• Japans Experience in Southeast Asia and Its
  Implications for the Horn of Africa
• by Tetsuo Kotani
• Ocean Policy Research Foundation

2
Piracy

• An Age-Old Problem
• Business Low Risk High Return
• Countermeasures High Cost Low Return
• Broken Window Theory
• Root Cause
• Options for Users
• Ransom, Tribute, Suppression, Detour
• Jurisdiction
• PiracyEvery State
• Armed RobberyCoastal States

3
Japan and Southeast Asian Waters

• The Lifeline of Japans Economy
• Piracy Hotspots Territorial Waters (Armed
  Robbery)

4
Piracy
5
Piracy Trend in Southeast Asia and the Horn of
Africa
6
Japans Initiatives for Maritime Security

• Bilateral
• Capacity building
• JCG Assisting the establishment of maritime law
  enforcement bodies
• Malaysia Maritime Enforcement Agency (MMEA)
• Indonesia BAKOLKAMLA
• JCGJICA Providing training (human resource
  development, technical assistance)
• MOFA Providing patrol boats to Indonesia
• Regular heads of coast guard meeting
• India
• Russia
• China
• ROK

7
Japans Initiatives for Maritime Security (contd)

• Multilateral
• North Pacific Coast Guard Forum since 2000
• Heads of Asian Coast Guard Agencies Meeting since
  2004
• ReCAAP since 2006
• A product of a regional approach
• Regional Conference on Combating Piracy and Armed
  Robbery against Ships (2000)
• Mission for Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery
  against Ships (2000)
• Asian Cooperation Conference on Combating Piracy
  and Armed Robbery against Ships (2001)
• ARF ISM on Maritime Security since FEB 2009
• Private Initiatives
• Providing training boats (NFMalaysia)
• Funding support for regional conferences (NF,
  OPRF)

8
Japans Experience in the Malacca Strait

• Comprehensive approach
• Safety and Security
• Capacity Building for Coastal States
• Constabulary
• Multilateral
• Bilateral
• Public-Private Partnership

9
Japan and the Gulf of Aden

• 111 Pirate Acts Reported in 2008
• 6 Japanese-related vessels hijacked
• 15 of experts and 10 of imports
• 2,000 Japanese-related ships/20,000

10
Japans Approach to Piracy in the Horn of Africa

• Refueling mission for CTF-150
• Cosponsoring resolutions
• IMO A1002 (NOV 2007)
• UNSCR 1816 and 1838 (JUNE, OCT 2008)
• Participating in Contact Group
• Capacity building for Somali TFG (via IMO),
  Yemen, Tanzania, Kenya
• Dispatching naval forces
• Legislating an anti-piracy measures law

11
Conclusionslessons?

• The Malacca Strait
• National and regional approach
• Suppression and management of piracy
• The Horn of Africa
• Only international approach
• UNSCRs, CG, Djibouti Code of Conduct
• Time- and money-consuming
• Institutionalization of current efforts necessary

12
A Partnership for Freedom of Navigation

• Sink Them
• Reviewing ROE
• Blockade Them
• Attacking land targets if necessary (UNSCR1851)
• Arrest and Bring Them to Justice
• Increasing shiprider and transfer agreements
• Take A Look at Yourself
• Regulating illegal fishing
• Public-Private Partnership
• Voluntary contribution from shipping industry
• Regulating private security companies