FBA Characteristiscs

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Peacekeeping and Post-Conflicts Birger
HeldtFolke Bernadotte AcademyDrottning
Kristinas Väg 37115 93 Stockholm Birger.Heldt_at_fo
lkebernadotteacademy.se
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Some Peacekeeping Facts

• UN/League of Nations did not invent peacekeeping
• peacekeeping can be traced back to at least the
  mid-1800s
• the UN made it prevalent
• UN Charter encourages regional peace initiatives
• UN an option only after regional efforts fail
• peacekeeping not mentioned in the Charter
• UN has since the mid-1990s worked to increase
  coordination and contributions of regional
  arrangements
• UN could not meet the mid-1990s demand for PKOs
• non-UN operations common throughout history

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Concerns About UN Peacekeeping

• Has peacekeeping become dominated by non-UN
  operations?
• Has the UNs global role as peacekeeper been
  undermined?
• unlikely? Few regions able/willing to assume PKO
  costs
• Has the UNs access to well-trained peacekeepers
  been undermined?
• poor regions large demand for PKOs, but little
  own capacity
• rich regions small demand, large capacity
• The future of UN peacekeeping has been questioned

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Institutional Trends
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Institutional Trends
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Institutional Trends
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Institutional Trends
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National Trends
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National Trends
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The Past and Present of Peacekeeping

• Number of operations
• increased reliance on the UN for interstate
  conflict operations
• decreased reliance on the UN for intrastate
  operations
• no evidence the UNs global role is being
  undermined cycles
• Number of peacekeepers
• no overall emerging non-UN PKO dominance cycles
• recent evidence of (yet again) increased
  reliance on the UN
• Non-UN operations not synonymous with narrow
  regional interests
• 20 of non-UN PKOs are out-of-area (e.g., the
  EU)
• Non-UN PKOs are doing the UN a service, for free

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Conclusions the Future of UN PKOs

• Continued, maybe even increased, global role for
  the UN
• Continued complementarity and cooperation with
  non-UN PKOs
• Continued functional division of labour
• UN PKO ambitious mandates (and anti-spoiler
  mandates?)
• non-UN PKOs traditional security focus mandates
• lack of organizational and economic capacity
• The global supply of UN TCCs is larger than
  before
• more countries than ever are experienced TCCs
• main supply of UN TCCs is restricted to a few
  poor countries need to diversify TCC
  contributions