The Double Bond:

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The Double Bond One is sigma, the others are pi
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Alkene/alkyne Nomenclature

• Identify longest chain
• Number from end closest to double (triple) bond
• Name and number of substituents BEFORE alkene
  (alkyne) name
• Name cyclic alkenes as cyclo(alkene)
• Two double bonds are called diene 3. triene

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Nomenclature Examples
1 ? 8
3,5,7-trimethyl-3-octene
5 ? 1
2,3-dimethyl-1,3-pentadiene
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Alkene Reactions
Markovnikov The rich get richer
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Aromatic Compounds

• If it crawls, its biology.
• If it doesnt work, its physics.
• If it smells (or explodes), its chemistry.

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The BENZENE Ring
Chlorobenzene
Methylbenzene (Toluene)
Benzylamine (Aniline)
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Physical Properties

• High melting and boiling points
• para- compounds are more stackable than ortho-
  and meta-. Therefore, MP and BP are higher.
• Most are non-polar (what does this mean with
  respect to solubility in water?)
• Become more soluble when substituted with polar
  group (i.e., -COOH, -OH

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Chemistry of BENZENE

• Halogenation
• Halogen replaces H
• NEED FeCl3 as catalyst

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Chemistry of BENZENE

• Nitration
• Need ACID catalyst (e.g., H2SO4)
• Sulfonation
• Need ACID catalyst (e.g., H2SO4)