THE BIG EIGHT: CAUSES OF DAMAGE AND CATASTROPHIC LOSSES THROUGHOUT THE WORLD

1
THE BIG EIGHTCAUSES OF DAMAGE AND CATASTROPHIC
LOSSES THROUGHOUT THE WORLD

• FLOODS, SEVERE WINDSTORMS,
• EARTHQUAKES, DROUGHTS, VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS,
  LANDSLIDES, WILDFIRES, AND TSUNAMIS

2
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
BUILDING IN FLOOD PLAIN
INUNDATION AND SCOUR
INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
EFFECTS OF WATER ON STRUCTURE CONTENTS
FLOODS
INCREASED POTENTIAL FOR HEALTH PROBLEMS,
INJURIES, AND DEATH
CASE HISTORIES
LOSS OF FUNCTION OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
VULNERABILITY OF NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
3
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
WIND PENETRATES BUILDING ENVELOPE
UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM
FLYING DEBRIS PENETRATES WINDOWS
STORM SURGE AND HEAVY PRECIPITATION
SEVERE WINDSTORMS
IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN
CASE HISTORIES
POOR WORKMANSHIP
IGNORING NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
4
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING
SOIL AMPLIFICATION
PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SOIL FAILURE AND SURFACE
FAULTING )
IRREGULARITIES IN MASS, STRENGTH, AND STIFFNESS
EARTHQUAKES
FLOODING FROM TSUNAMI WAVE RUNUP AND SEICHE
CASE HISTORIES
POOR DETAILING OF STRUCTURALSYSTEM
IGNORING NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
5
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
PROLONGED LACK OF PRECIPITATION
LOSS OF SOIL MOSTURE
LOSS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY
DEPLETION/POLLUTION OF GROUND WATER
DROUGHTS
LOSS OF VEGETATION
CASE HISTORIES
INSECT INFESTATION
PROGRESSIVE LOSS OF LAND BY DESERTIFICATION
6
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
PROXIMITY TO LATERAL BLAST
IN PATH OF PYROCLASTIC FLOWS
IMPACT OF FLYING DEBRIS (TEPHRA)
IMPACT OF VOLCANIC ASH ON AVIATION
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
NOT DIVERTING LAVA FLOWS
CASE HISTORIES
NOT DIVERTING LAHARS
IGNORING WARNING TO EVACUATE
7
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
BUILDING ON UNSTABLE SLOPES
SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO FALLS
SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO TOPPLES
SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO SPREADS
LANDSLIDES
SOIL AND ROCK SUSCEPTIBLE TO FLOWS
CASE HISTORIES
EXCESSIVE PRECIPITATION OR GROUND SHAKING
EXACERBATING POTENTIAL FOR SHEAR FAILURE
8
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
LIGHTNING STRIKES
MANMADE FIRES
PROXIMITY OF URBAN-WILDLANDS INTERFACE
UNDERESTIMATION OF WIND SPEED AND DIRECTION
WILDFIRES
INCINERATION
CASE HISTORIES
FUEL SUPPLY
SMOKE
9
(No Transcript)
10
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
HIGH VELOCITY IMPACT OF INCOMING WAVES
INLAND DISTANCE OF WAVE RUNUP
VERTICAL HEIGHT OF WAVE RUNUP
INADEQUATE RESISTANCE OF BUILDINGS
TSUNAMIS
FLOODING
CASE HISTORIES
INADEQUATE HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL EVACUATION
PROXIMITY TO SOURCE OF TSUNAMI