New toaster

1
1/24/08

• New toaster

2
1/24/08

• Announcements
• Midterm 1 on Tuesday, 5 days from now
• Chapters 1-4 lectures
• Nature of test
• 36 MC, 1 point each
• 8 SA, 3 points each
• Started writing test questions

3
1/24/08

• Questions
• Some from text, not class
• Some from class, not text
• Some from both
• example questions

4
Midterm 1

• (Ch 1)
• Personality traits best describe the _____
  tendencies of the individual. (text)
• a. unusual
• b. average
• c. behavioral
• d. hidden

5
Midterm 1

• (Ch 3)
• The primary dimensions in Learys circumplex
  model are love and _____. (text)
• a. neuroticism
• b. agreeableness
• c. dominance
• d. hate

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Midterm 1

• (class)
• Age of death would be considered an example of
  _____ data. (class)
• a. S
• b. L
• c. T
• d. O

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Midterm 1

• (class)
• Who named his traits A, B, C, etc.? (class or
  text)
• a. Wiggins
• b. Cattell
• c. Eysenck
• d. McCrae

8
Midterm 1

• Short answer questions
• What is the actometer? What is it designed to
  measure? (class or text)

9
1/24/08

• Ch 4 measurement issues in trait psychology
• 1.
• 2.
• 3. Trait Psychology Responds
• 4. Reconciling Trait Situational Views

10
McCrae Costa (1994) Stability of Personality

• 20 years of findings on traits
• (1) change over time

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McCrae Costa (1994) Stability of Personality

• 20 years of findings on traits
• (2) test-retest stability
• So traits more reliable than they are stable, but
  barely
• Implication is that ones personality is
  relatively fixed

12
McCrae Costa (1994) Stability of Personality

• Stability can be good or bad
• Bad
• Good
• Therefore stability

13
Longitudinal Consistency (Conley)

• Stability of three individual differences

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Longitudinal Consistency (Conley)

• Hierarchical model of stability
• Presumably most affected by life events

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Longitudinal Consistency (Conley)

• 1 5 10 20 30 40 .99 .95 .90 .82 .74 .67 .98
  .90 .82 .67 .55 .45
• .94 .73 .54 .29 .16 .08

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Types of consistency

• E.g., M Cs correlations .6-.8
• Conleys meta-analysis

17
Cross-Situational Consistency

• Issue
• Cheating in class (teacher leaves ask others for
  help on question)
• Lying to get cookie (did you get your cookie
  yet? no)

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Cross-Situational Consistency

• Issue Are People Consistent in Their Behavior?
• E.g., talkative with peers, not counselors
• Farber (1964) I look forward to the day when
  personality theories are regarded as historical
  curiosities.
• perhaps personality within context?

19
Cervone Shoda (1999)Stability Within Context

• Issue Are People Consistent in Their Behavior?

Jeff
Cindy
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Cervone Shoda (1999)Stability Within Context
Jeff
Cindy
Party Class
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Cervone Shoda (1999)Stability Within Context

• Jeff if party, then extraverted
• Jeff if class, then introverted
• Cindy if party, then introverted
• Cindy if class, then extraverted
• A useful view, but

22
Personality-situation controversy 20 years later
(Kenrick Funder)

• Observer ratings
• 41 due to person being rated
• 17 due to rater

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Personality-situation controversy 20 years later
(Kenrick Funder)

• Observers agree even when they dont interact
• E.g., boss spouse
• E.g. parents peers
• E.g. peers in high school college

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Personality-situation controversy 20 years later
(Kenrick Funder)

• Parents peers agree on target, but have
  different situations (home vs. school)

25
Personality-situation controversy 20 years later
(Kenrick Funder)

• Are traits important?
• Could be too small to predict much
• But, trait predicts aggregated behavior at r .60

26
Personality-situation controversy 20 years later
(Kenrick Funder)

• Person x situation interactions are important
  (e.g., test anxiety)
• Some situations (e.g, funerals) overwhelm traits
  (e.g., cheerfulness)

27
Klein Hierarchical Nature of Self-Knowledge

• E.g., r .6-.8 over 5-10 years
• Peoples traits (E, A, C, N, O) do not change
• E.g., extraverted in public, not with friends
• Stability
• Change

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Klein Hierarchical Nature of Self-Knowledge

• Traits
• Mid
• Specific
• A on test fun with Suzie call mom tonight
• Lazy on paper quiet at party me brother fight
• Confusing lecture Alex is a jerk go home for
  Thanksgiving

29
Klein Hierarchical Nature of Self-Knowledge

• Fight with brother relevant to family me
• Grades improving relevant to academic me
• Trait self-concept insulated from daily
  experiences

30
Klein Hierarchical Nature of Self-Knowledge

• General self untouched by specifics
• Amnesic

31
Klein Hierarchical Nature of Self-Knowledge

• Hypothesis
• General self-concept not based on relevant
  behaviors, memories
• Specific (here, college) self-concept based on
  relevant behaviors, memories

32
Klein Hierarchical Nature of Self-Knowledge

• Method
• RT priming paradigm
• Judge self or
• Define trait
• Recall relevant behavior

33
Klein Hierarchical Nature of Self-Knowledge

• Method
• If judgment made by recalling behavior
• Then recall faster after judgment
• Judgment/recall vs. define/recall
• Self in general
• Self at college

34
Klein Hierarchical Nature of Self-Knowledge

• Method
• Define 2.39 seconds
• Judge 2.33 seconds
• Define 3.14 seconds
• Judge 2.54 seconds

35
Klein Hierarchical Nature of Self-Knowledge

• Conclusions
• 1.
• self-view based on relevant behaviors, events
• 2.
• self-view is not based on relevant behaviors
• 3.
• because insulated from daily experiences

36
Klein Hierarchical Nature of Self-Knowledge

• Functionality
• Positive responsive to daily life events
• Negative quite transitory might give rise to
  scattered, short-term behavior
• Positive maintains long-term perspective on
  ones preferences, abilities, tendencies
• Negative becomes detached from the reality of
  daily life