Social Policy III International and European Social Policy

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Social Policy IIIInternational and European
Social Policy

• Dariusz Stanko, Ph.D.
• Department of Social Insurance
• www.sgh.waw.pl/katedry/kus

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Modern problems faced by SP

• globalisation
• demographic changes
• climate change
• EU Single Market vs EU social policy

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Globalisation (1)

• driving factors trade, capital flows, investment
  and new technologies
• decisions of some governments and/or private
  enterprises have their global impact 20 of
  population have 85 share in global production
  and consumption
• pressure on social security, globalisation of
  economic risks (financial and economic crises
  unemployment) and social risks (health)
• increasing role of education in global
  organisation of labour and services

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Globalisation (2)

• Challenges for welfare states
• opportunities for individuals yet challenge for
  domestic social security systems multinational
  corporations, tax and social arbitrage race t
  the bottom?
• need to reconcile competences of domestic and
  international institutions conducting SP solving
  social problems at global level?
• splitting economic and political decisions
  (intertwined in so far at country level) at
  global level US-EU-Asia competition

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Globalisation (3)

• Challenges for welfare states (cont.)
• conflicts between UE countries in social and
  health issues alcohol/tobacco taxes vs health
  policy weaker health protection due to free
  labour movement
• stronger decentralisation of country
  administration weaker position of SP
  institutions against global market forces
• need for integration with economic policy (SP
  perceived not as a burden but as investment)
  flexicurity, education

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Demographic changes

• aging societies pressure on labour markets and
  on pension and long-term care systems
• change of family model problem with adapting
  current system of social security
• increasing migration to developed countries
  problems with social integration/inclusion

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Attitude od intl organisations towards SP
Source Szarfenberg, Deacon.
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Intl organisations their tools of influencing SP
Source R. Szarfenberg.
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Current EU issues (Safir, 2005)

• globalisation brings about treats and
  opportunities need to reform labour market and
  social policy rooted in past
• European Social Model non-existent, inefficient
  country solutions as unsustainable must be
  reformed
• labour market and social policy issue of member
  states whereas other structural reforms such as
  completing the Single Market for services
  decided at the EU level. Need to adjust the
  Lisbon Agenda.

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Change in global trend patterns
Source Sapir (2005 2).
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Comparison of welfare state models in old UE
member states (Safir, 2005)

• Efficiency high incentives to
  work (employment rate).Equity low poverty
  risk (1 poverty rate)

Source Chlon-Dominczak, Hausner, Kwiecinska,
Pacut (2007) and Safir (2005).
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Safirs typology (2005)
Source Sapir (2005 5).
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Safirs conclusions

• The Mediterranean model, characterised by
  relatively low levels of employment and a high
  risk of poverty, provides neither equity nor
  efficiency.
• With the Anglo-Saxon and Continental models
  there appears to be a trade-off between equity
  and efficiency.
• Only the Nordic model, with high employment
  rates, and a low risk of poverty combines both
  equity and efficiency.

Source Safir (2005 5).
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Safirs recommendations for EU

• Need to complete the Single Market for services
  (70 of economic activity, highest employment
  growth potential)
• The Single Market rooted in yesterdays thinking
• lack of large internal market main culprit
• yet modern times require entering new markets,
  more retraining of labour, greater reliance on
  market financing and higher investment in both
  RD and higher education
• The SM need for greater labour mobility, and
  reform of labour markets at country level

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Criteria of competences of UE Communities
Source Wikipedia, http//pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Un
ia_Europejska
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European Council

• Most important political institution in UE
  (directions of development and action of the UE)
  
• Meetings twice a year in capital of current
  Presidency country.
• Members prime ministers and presidents of member
  states and EC president plus foreign ministers of
  member states.
• Main tasks
• taking political decisions
• setting priority directions of EU development
• supporting growth of Economic and Monetary Union
  and European Monetary System
• co-ordination of foreign policy and safety
  policy of members states
• exchange of views between member state leaders

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Council of Europe

• This is not the institution of the EC.
  Localisation - Strasbourg. Independent
  organisation of European countries founded in
  1949.
• Main tasks co-operation in the areas of
  politics, economy, culture, international
  relations, environmental protection, human and
  civil rights protection.
• Organs Committee of Ministers and Parliamentary
  Assembly of the CoE.
• European Tribunal of Human Rights.
• Rule of consensus lack of sanctions
  possibility for actions strongly limited.

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World Health Organization

• Created in 1946 in Geneva.
• Co-ordination and running of health policy within
  the UN
• setting health standards and recommendation
• help for member states in solving their health
  problems
• support and promotion of health related research
• Members 139 countries plus 2 organisations. 6
  regional committees.
• Financing member contributions (1/3) plus
  voluntary donations (2/3). Budget over USD 3,3
  bln.

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World Health Organization
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International Labour Office

• Founded in 1919. Domiciled in Geneva.
• labour as a fundamental way to leave poverty and
  to support welfare
• tripartite agency of the UN, social dialogue
• international labour standards (conventions)
• Aims of the ILO
• promotion and realisation of standards and
  fundamental labour rules and labour rights
• encouraging of decent employment opportunities
• enhancing social protection for all
• strengthening dialogue in handling work-related
  issues

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The World Bank

• The World Bank Group, 1946
• The International Bank for Reconstruction and
  Development, IBRD
• The International Development Association, IDA
• The International Finance Corporation, IFC
• The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency,
  MIGA
• The International Centre for the Settlement of
  Investment Disputes, ICSID

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WB loans (2005 EBOR IDA)
Zródlo Bank Swiatowy.