Secondary Migration of New Immigrants to Canada

1
Secondary Migration of New Immigrants to Canada

• René Houle
• Statistics Canada / CRISP-RDC
• University of New Brunswick, Fredericton
• rhoule_at_unb.ca

2
Context

• Immigrants in Canada are highly concentrated in
  some cities and regions
• Trends are likely to continue in the future
  increased concentration of immigrants and visible
  minority groups -- mostly in the metropolises of
  Ontario and British Colombia
• The issue of high geographical concentration and
  the apparent incapacity of smaller towns and
  rural areas to attract and retain immigrants was
  addressed by Citizenship and Immigration Canada
  and was identified as a policy priority.
• Why new immigrants are choosing to change their
  initial residence in Canada only after a few
  months, sometimes a few weeks, in the country ?
• Nogle (1994) showed that recent immigrants have a
  very high rate of internal migration that
  diminishes very rapidly with increasing length of
  residence. Hypermobility pattern related to the
  process of adjustment to the destination country.
  
• Specific refugees resettlement process. Initial
  dispersal of refugees is determined by their
  sponsors, government or private. This initial
  dispersal offset by secondary migration whose
  motivation is often to get closer to their ethnic
  community already settled in the country of
  destination.

3
Data

• Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada
  (LSIC).
• Adaptation processes of new immigrants to the
  Canadian society
• A module on residence histories (places where
  lived module). migrations since landing to
  Canada.
• Immigrant cohort. Immigrants arrived between Oct.
  2000 and Sept. 2001.
• Three waves. 6 months, 2 years, and 4 years after
  landing
• In this work Second Wave
• Size second wave 9.322 individuals aged 15

4
Methods

• Survival Analysis Kaplan-Mayer and Proportional
  Hazard Regression (constant-Piecewise)
• First Migration after Landing in Canada
• Migration Mostly moves between two urban areas
  (CA, CMA)
• Interprovicial moves included
• Time Days since Landing

5
Variables

• Sex Age
• Education at landing
• Immigration Category (family class, economic
  immigrant, refugee)
• Size of first place of residence
• First province of residence
• Job Situation time-varying from employment
  history module.

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Monthly Hazard Rate of internal migration of new
immigrants
7
Cumulative percentage of immigrants who have
migrated in Canada
Months in Canada
8
Cumulative percentage of new immigrants migrating
at different points in time by immigrant category
9
Cumulative percentage of new immigrants migrating
at different points in time by type and size of
first place of residence in Canada
10
Cumulative percentage of new immigrants migrating
at different points in time by first province of
residence in Canada
11
Cumulative percentage of new immigrants migrating
at different points in time by level of education
(diploma) at admission
12
Cumulative percentage of new immigrants migrating
at different points in time by job situation
(time-varying)
13
Effect of province on the rate of migration in
three models
Relative Risk
Significant at 0.05